词语的翻译：加减法.pptVIP

词语的翻译 一词多意、具体抽象、加减法 1．一词多意 词是组成句子的基本单位，也是翻译的最小单位，只有把词的翻译处理好了，才有可能翻译好句子和篇章。而词意又往往是影响词语翻译的关键。我们不能望文生义,要根据实际情况来确定其具体意义。 家 家和万事兴 If the family lives in harmony, all affairs will prosper. 家丑不可外扬 Domestic shame should not be made public. 他家又旧又破 His house is old and broken. 城里有三家电影院 There are 3 cinemas in the city. water Don’t water the wine. 不要往酒里加水 The smoke makes my eyes water. 烟熏得我双眼泪水汪汪 He waters when he saw the moon cake. 他看见月饼，直流口水。 It is not a good habit to water everywhere. 小孩子随地小便不是好习惯。 The land is watered by these rivers. 这片土地受这些河流灌溉。 What you said does not hold water. 你说的话没有根据。 2.词的语境意义 I am hungry: 我饿了 该下班了 该开饭了 该休息了 我想吃苹果了 …… 3．词的引申意义:(1)具体词抽象化 They have smiles and tears. 他们有欢乐，也有哀愁 During the war, he was only an embryo（胚胎） surgeon. 战争期间，他只是一个初出茅庐的外科医生 Application of laser in medicine is still in its infancy. 激光在医学中的应用仍处在发展的初期。 (1)具体词抽象化 He is not one to let his heart rule his head. 他不是那种用感情支配理智的人。 His success has pushed his forerunners’ point into the background. 他的成就使其前辈们黯然失色。 That is a long story. 说来话长 （2）抽象词具体化 Behind him I saw the long gray waves of the Atlantic at work. 在他背后，我看见大西洋上灰色的巨浪，汹涌澎湃。 There are 3 steps which must be taken before we graduate from this kind of technology. 我们要完全掌握这种工艺，必须经过三个阶段。 他对美国只是有个初步了解。 He knows ABC about America. 4．词语的翻译方法和技巧 There is no mathematics without plus or minus, which holds good for translation.-----Taylor (American) 没有加减就没有数学，这也适用于翻译。 （1）补充法 The Bakers are from New York city. 贝克一家来自纽约市。 There are two roads for you to choose one, confessing your crimes or refusing to confess them. 摆在你面前的路有两条：一条是坦白交待，另一条是拒不认罪。 According to American authorities,… 据美国当局透露… 补充法 This is the best resolution to that problem. 这是那个问题最好的解决方案 Don’t take it seriously! I am just kidding. 别当真嘛！我只是开开玩笑而已！ He is a famous presidential historian. 他是一位著名的研究总统的历史学家。 She is more royal than the royals. 他比较皇室成员更有皇家气质。 补充法 You must come back before 9, period! 你必须九点前回来，没什么可商量的！ That little puppet has been pronounced to be uncommonly flexible in the