Ergonomics人机工程学培训课件.pptVIP

Ergonomics 人因工程 Making the job fit the worker 让工作更适合工人(人性化) Ergonomics looks at: Work station 工站 Tools 工具 Motions 动作 Physical condition 物理(体格)状况 Physical limitations 受限 Environment 环境 1 Musculoskeletal disorders肌肉骨骼疾病(缩写为MSDs) Musculoskeletal disorders = MSDs 2a MSD symptoms 症状 Dull, aching sensation 迟钝或疼痛 Discomfort with movements 活动不适 Tenderness to the touch 敏感 Burning sensation 灼热感 Pain 痛苦 Tingling 刺痛 Cramping 痉挛 Stiffness 僵硬 2b Common MSDs 常见损伤 Tendinitis 肌腱炎 Tenosynovitis 腱鞘炎 Trigger finger 扳机指 Raynaud’s syndrome 雷诺综合症 De Quervain’s disease 迪魁文氏症 Carpal tunnel syndrome 腕管综合症 2c Workplace risk factors 危害因素 Repetitive motions 重复运动 Fixed / awkward postures 单调动作 Vibration 震动 Force 强迫 Twisting / bending 扭曲 Elevation of elbows 举高 Lifting 搬运 3a Workplace risk factors Inappropriate tools 不合适工具 Continuous contact 连续接触 Restricted clearance 受限空间 Improper seating/support 不合适座位、支撑 Bad body mechanics 不当受力 Inadjustable equipment 不合适装备 3b Identify risk factors 识别危害因素 Management/employee involvement 管理、员工参与 Audit work stations 检查工站 Audit procedures 调整改善 4a Engineering controls 工程控制 Preferred method 更好方法 Work station design 工站设计 Tool design 工具设计 Equipment design 装备设计 5a Work station design 工站设计 Provide adequate:充足的 Work space 工作空间 Work height 工作高度 Support 支撑 Storage space 储存空间 Machine controls 机器控制 6a Work station design Reduce static loading 减少荷载 Raise / lower working height 工作高度 Remove hard / sharp edges 去除硬尖角 Provide mechanical advantages提供机械支持 Insulate heat / cold保证温度 7a Work station redesign Provide seating / support 提供座椅/支撑 Improve material orientation 改善材料性能 Improve layout 改善布局 7b Tool selection should minimize:工具选择要减少: Awkward, bent grip 不适感 Vibration振动 Excessive grip strength过多握力 Awkward positions to exert force不利发力 Repetitive motions重复运动 8a Administrative controls管理控制 Job rotation工作轮换 Shift length调班长度 Overtime management加班管理 Rest breaks休息 Production rates工作强度 9a Work practice controls Use proper techniques 运用合适技术 Avoid unnecessary ste