Slovenia集群政策的执行和评估转型经济的教训.pdfVIP

17. Cluster Policy Implementation and Evaluation in Slovenia: Lessons from a Transition Economy Anja Coti Svetina, Marko Jakli and Hugo Zagorsek ___________________________________________________ 17.1 INTRODUCTION In the last decade after the link between innovativeness and competitiveness was empirically proven (Porter and Stern, 2002) an increasing attention has been put to innovation as a key driver of competitiveness and hundreds of innovation policy programmes are being developed and implemented in the EU and other countries (Andresson et al., 2004). Within innovation policy, programmes and measures to promote clusters have gained popularity as clusters are considered an organisational survival strategy in today’s business environment (Nauwelaers and Reid, 2002). However there is a great variety in cluster policy design, which reflects a strong context-dependency of the approach used with regard to economic development of the country, institutional structure, collaboration practices, and even tradition of social dialogue. Policy initiatives range from performing cluster studies to setting up platforms for dialogue, encouraging co-operation , establishing collective infrastructure and providing subsidies for collaborative projects. Despite the differences in national approaches the main driving force behind cluster policies is the stimulating influence of clustering on collective learning, which leads to innovation and improved competitiveness of participating firms. The European Commission launched the Innovation Trend Chart project to map innovation performance and analyse innovation policies in EU countries aiming at improving policy co-ordination and policy learning acr