“整体交换”机制下的出嫁女继承权和研究.pdfVIP

内容摘要 中国传统社会以家族制度为核心，出嫁女的财产继承权历来都受到极大限制。近代 以来，随着男女平等观念的普及，女性财产权益的保护得到日益重视。现代法律确立了 男女继承权平等原则。但是直到今天，广大农村地区的出嫁女继承权依然形同虚设。与 法定继承相比，人们更愿意按照传统继承规则行事。在继承权男女平等的法律原则下， “整体交换”是对传统习俗得以维持的合理解释。 在“整体交换”原则下，出嫁女放弃对娘家财产的继承权，也不承担父母的养老责 任。作为交换，出嫁女以媳妇的身份与丈夫一起继承公婆的财产，也相应履行对公婆的 赡养义务。在实践中，出嫁女只在结婚时从娘家得到少许嫁妆。但是作为媳妇，可以通 过结婚分家的方式继承公婆的主要财产进行补偿。以出嫁女的继承权交换作为儿媳的继 承权，可以弥补习俗的不公平性。与传统习俗不同的是，“整体交换”以出嫁女有法定 继承权为前提，只是出于便利的考虑进行了权利交换。认识到这一点，对于提高女子的 社会地位具有重要意义。 出嫁女继承权整体交换的内在原因，在于其具有经济合理性。整体交换下的单系继 承与现代法律的双系继承相比，可以节省交易费用。传统规则在经济上更具有优越性， 所以更符合人们的理性选择。而且在传统习俗的影响下，出嫁女主张继承权将会承受巨 大的代价。由于权利成本的存在，理性的出嫁女就会选择放弃主张继承权。对我们的启 示是，立法时要关注权利可行性问题，正确看待习俗与法律的关系。如果法律的交易成 本过高，在现实生活中可能就不会被遵守。 关键词：出嫁女继承权；整体交换；交易费用；权利成本；权利可行性 1 Abstract Family played a key role in social structure of traditional China. The right of inheritance of married woman had always been severely restricted. As the concept of gender equality prevailed in modern times, the protection of property rights of woman has been increasingly emphasized. The principle of sexual equality on inheritance has been formulated by modern law, nevertheless, the right to inherit of married woman in the vast rural areas has still existed in name only. In those regions, people prefer to inherit by tradition rather than by law. On the legal principle of sexual equality on inheritance, “total exchange” can be a proper explanation of why the traditional custom was maintained. On the principle of “total exchange”, the married woman waives her inheritance to her parents ’property as well as her duty to support. As an exchange, the married woman as a daughter-in-law gains the same right as her husband to inherit from her parents-in-law and burdens herself with the duty to support accordingly. In practice, the married woman obtains a small amount of dowries only