2016届高三英语词法专题讲座：十二 主谓一致.docVIP

英语词法专题讲座十二：主谓一致 一．就近原则 1. 由并列结构或连词（either…or， neither…nor，not…but， not only…but also， or等）连接的并列主语，谓语动词与较近的那个名词或代词保持一致。 Neither his parents nor Tom_____(be) at home.　 2. 在倒装句和there be句型中，谓语动词与后面的第一个主语保持一致。 There _____(be) a book and some pens on the desk. There ______(come) the bus. 3. 在定语从句中，关系代词作主语，其谓语动词应与它所指代的先行词保持一致。 I know the man who_____(be) talking to my father. 4. 在强调句中，连接代词又在句中作主语，这时它应与被强调的主语保持一致。 　It is Mary’s brother who_____(be) injured in the car accident yesterday.　　 二．意义一致原则 1. 当主语与谓语动词之间插入along with，with，as well as，together with， besides，except， but， including等短语时，谓语动词与第一个主语保持一致。 I along with my sister_____(be) going to Shanghai next month. 2. 由“what”引导的名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。 　What I want to say _____(be) just “ Take care!”. 3. “…+ (of) +名词”作主语时，若“of”后的名词为单数（不可数名词），则谓语动词用单数，如果名词为复数，则谓语动词用复数。 Most of the water here ______(be) clean. 80% of cotton ______(have) been sent to America. Half of the apples ______(be) red. 4. 词组“a number of”作主语时，谓语动词应用复数；“the number of”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 A number of ancient buildings _____ (be) destroyed in the war. The number of the visitors _____ (have) decreased this year. 5. 英语的集体名词（family, public, group, team, class等词），指代“整体”时为单数；指代“其中的各成员”则为复数。 My family ____(be) very poor when I was a little girl.　　 My family ______(be) all looking forward for your coming. 三．整体原则 1. 从句、不定式、动名词等作主语时谓语动词用单数。 When to leave _____(have) not been decided. Watching TV too much _____(be) bad for your eyes.　　 注：如果主语是两个(或两个以上)的名词性从句，谓语动词常用复数。 What he said and what he did _____(be) always different last night . 2. 如果两个以上的名词组成一个整体概念作主语时，谓语动词须用单数。 The novelist and poet _____(be) going to Europe next year. The novelist and the poet_____(be) going to Europe next year. 3. 表示时间、距离、金额、度量等词语作主语时，通常被视作整体，谓语动词用单数。 10 minutes_____(be)enough. 4. 加减乘除等数学运算谓语动词通常用单数。 2 and 3 ______5. 5.“the +姓氏名词的复数”表示“一家人、….夫妇”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 The Blacks ______(enjoy) working in China. 四．个体原则 1. every +….and every +…..或each+…and each +…作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 Every man and every