激光焊接焊缝几种面缺陷与材料性能关系文献综述.docVIP

激光焊接焊缝几种面缺陷与材料性能关系文献综述 M050314129宋春雨 (上海工程技术大学材料工程学院，上海201620) 摘 要：关键词： The Literature review for the relationships between several planar defects and the properties of material in the laser welding Chunyu Song (College of Materials Engineering，Shanghai University of Engineering Science，Shanghai 201620，China) Abstract： With the development of laser welding technologymprovement of the quality for the weldment gets more and more attention, the plastic processing turns more feasible after welding. In this paper, begining with the introduction of laser welding, Aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy and carbon steel were discussed by a series of charts and written. It analysised the effect of planar defects for the weldment from different aspects and summarized characteristics of planar defects for aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy and carbon steel which was under the different cooling conditions. The article explained the inevitable relationship between planar defects and the properties of material. Finally, the prospect of present laser welding technology research situation was discussed. Keywords：aser welding; planar defects; solder volume effect; aluminum alloy; magnesium alloy; cooling conditions; properties of the material 引言  自二战期间美国战船无功折戟汪洋伊始，焊接逐渐成为一门备受瞩目的独立学科。早在1916 年发现，聚焦能量密度[1]。 激光焊接，顾名思义是利用激光进行焊接以达到粘合材料的目的。激光焊隶属于熔融焊类，其焊接热源为激光束。激光束的产生原理为：以某种方法激发活性物质，使其在谐振腔内往复震荡，从而转化为受激辐射光束，即为激光束。所以激光是相干光，且其能量远远大于普通光[2]。如图1所示，为激光激发原理图。图2为激光焊接示意图。 近年来，汽车、航空以及高速列车等制造行业越来越多的强调轻量化，因此，镁、铝等合金的使用备受瞩目[3]。由于一些技术上的需求，有些零部件需要在焊后再进行塑性成形加工。这就使焊接接头的力学性能提高变得更加重要。以铝锂合金为例，  图1 激光激发原理图 Fig.1 the schematic of laser excitation 图2 激光焊接示意图 Fig.2 the schematic of laser welding 有研究表明，在其中每多添加1%的锂，会使其密度降低3%，弹性模量增加6%，比弹性模量提高9%。所以，如果使用高强铝锂合金替代普通铝合金，其结构减重可达10%～15%，而刚度则会提高15%～20%[4]。这为铝合金在工程上的更广泛使用提供了更多的优势,但铝合金焊接确有一定难度。 为了得到更好的焊缝组织，许多工艺改善方法被科研与工程应用人员积极尝试。早在上世纪七十年代，Steen就已经提出了激光-电弧复合焊的概念[5]。实验证实，激光-电弧复合焊接技术不仅很好地集成激光焊与弧焊的优点，而且又避免了各自的缺点，其在实际运用中具有工艺稳定性高、焊