新英美概况 教学课件 齐智英1 unit 1.pptVIP

Unit One Introduction Contents Unit One 1.1 The Names of the UK and the USA 1.1.1 The Names of the UK The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the official name of the political union between England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. When people refer to it, they often use different names such as Britain, Great Britain, England, the British Isles, the United Kingdom or the UK. Strictly speaking, Great Britain, England and the British Isles are all geographical names. The British Isles are made up of hundreds of islands, the largest two of which are Great Britain and Ireland. The island of Great Britain comprises England, Scotland and Wales.  Mediaeval Wales was rarely united but was under the rule of various native principalities. England and Scotland had existed as separate sovereign and independent states with their own monarchs and political structures since the 9th century. In 1282, King Edward I of England (1272–1307) finally conquered the last remaining native Welsh principalities. Two years later the Statute of Rhuddlan1 formally established Edwards rule over Wales. To appease the Welsh, Edward’s son (later Edward II), who had been born in Wales, was made Prince of Wales on 7 February 1301. The tradition of bestowing the style Prince(ess) of Wales’ on the heir of the British Monarch continues to the present day. Unit One The state began to take its present shape with the Acts of Union in 1707, which united the crowns and Parliaments of England (including Wales) and Scotland to create the Kingdom of Great Britain. A further Act of Union in 1800 joined the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland to create the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. In 1922, the Irish Free State gained independence, leaving Northern Ireland as part of the United Kingdom. As a result, in 1927 Britain changed its formal title to “The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland”, usually shortened to “the United Kingd