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* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * Transport Layer 3-* Fixed congestion window (2) Second case: WS/R < RTT + S/R: wait for ACK after sending window’s worth of data sent delay = 2RTT + O/R + (K-1)[S/R + RTT - WS/R] K = O/(SW) Transport Layer 3-* TCP Delay Modeling: Slow Start (1) Now suppose window grows according to slow start Will show that the delay for one object is: where P is the number of times TCP idles at server: - where Q is the number of times the server idles if the object were of infinite size. - and K is the number of (slow-start) windows that cover the object. Transport Layer 3-* TCP Delay Modeling: Slow Start (2) Example: O/S = 15 segments K = 4 windows Q = 2 P = min{K-1,Q} = 2 Server idles P=2 times Delay components: 2 RTT for connection estab and request O/R to transmit object time server idles due to slow start Server idles: P = min{K-1,Q} times Transport Layer 3-* TCP Delay Modeling (3) Transport Layer 3-* TCP Delay Modeling (4) Calculation of Q, number of idles for infinite-size object, is similar Recall K = number of windows that cover object How do we calculate K ? Transport Layer 3-* Chapter 3: Summary principles behind transport layer services: multiplexing, demultiplexing reliable data transfer flow control congestion control instantiation and implementation in the Internet UDP TCP Next: leaving the network “edge” (application, transport layers) into the network “core” Transport Layer 3-* Questions? Transport Layer 3-* HTTP Modeling Assume Web page consists of: 1 base HTML page (of size O bits) M images (each of size O bits) Non-persistent HTTP: M+1 TCP connections in series Response time = (M+1)O/R + (M+1)2RTT + sum of idle times Persistent HTTP: 2 RTT to request and receive base HTML file 1 RTT to request and receive M images Response time = (M+1)O/R + 3RTT + sum o
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