人工膝关节置换假体的选择.pdf

专 栏 FEATURES 人工膝关节置换假体的选择 Selection of Knee Prosthesis 郑润龙，黄迅悟 [摘 要] 膝关节假体置换在关节假体置换中所占比例较高，但膝关节假体种类繁多，设计特点各 解放军第三〇九医院全军骨科中心 关 异，应用指征不尽相同，故选择合适的关节假体是人工膝关节置换取得良好疗效的基础。本文介 节外科，北京 100091 绍了常用膝关节假体的性能和优缺点，探讨了不同类型膝关节假体选择指征和应用原则。 [关键词] 人工膝关节；假体置换；假体选择 Abstract: Knee arthroplasty accounts for higher proportion in joint arthroplasty. However, there are different kinds of knee prosthesis, multiple characteristics in their design as well as various application indications. Therefore, selection of a suitable prosthesis lays a good foundation for achieving the effectiveness of artificial knee arthroplasty. The advantages, disadvantages and performances of the knee prosthesis were described in this paper. And the indications for selection and the application principles for different types of knee prosthesis were also discussed. ZHENG Run-long, Key words: knee prosthesis; prosthesis replacement; prosthesis selection HUANG Xun-wu Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedic [中图分类号] R617 [文献标志码] A Center of PLA, No. 309 Hospital of doi：10.3969/j.issn.1674-1633.2015.10.006 PLA, Beijing 100091, China [文章编号] 1674-1633(2015)10-0020-05 0 前言 法之一。但因单髁置换手术适应症少，术后胫骨部分松动率 高，故国内仅部分医院开展了单髁置换手术 [1] （图 1）。 随着关节假体设计的改进及关节置换手术技术的进步， A 膝关节假体置换取得了较为满意的疗效 [1] 。目前临床上应 用的膝关节假体大致可分为 3 大类 ：① 部分膝关节置换假 体 ；② 全膝关节置换假体 ；③ 膝关节翻修假体 [2] 。 1 部分膝关节置换假体 当前国内使用的部分膝关节置换假体包括 : 单髁置换 及髌股关节置换等。因膝关节部分置换技术要求较高，适 应症少，故部分膝关节置换假体临床使用率较低。 B 1.1 单髁置换 [3] 1950 年 McKeever 首次报道单