TheUseofScientificTerms科学术语的作用.ppt

The Use of Scientific Terms Scientific writing encourages and promotes consistent usage of terms of art to label or designate concepts, materials, techniques and devices, elementary particles, quasiparticles and chemical elements, among others, particular to one or more subject fields or domains of scientific discipline or activity. In English, which has proved accommodating to words from many languages, scientific terms rely more heavily on words of Latin and Greek origin than common vocabulary: Latin and Greek have provided not only most of the technical terms used in Western science, but also a de facto vocabulary of roots, prefixes and suffixes for the construction of new terms as required. In understanding a word root, one needs a basic comprehension of the term and the source language. And combine the suffix -ologist, and the word root for kidney nephr, and the entire word “nephrologist”（肾病学家） means one who studies the kidneys. Some affixes (prefixes and suffixes) auto-(自), micro-(微)，hydro-（水，含氢的）, neo-(新), -ose（糖（类））, -iasis（病（态）），-it is(炎（症）), poly-（多聚）.de-(脱)…are very productive, as demonstrated in the following terms or new coinages: auto-(自) →automation(自动化), autoimmunity（自身免疫）, autocatalytic（自身催化的）, autofluorescence（自身荧光现象），autogamous（自花受粉的），autolysis（自溶作用);micro-(微)→microscopy(显微术), microbial (微生物的), microcephaly（头小畸型），microsurgery（显微手术），polynucleotide (多聚核苷酸)/DNA（deoxyribonucleic acid）（de( 脱) oxy( 氧) ribo( 核糖) nucleic( 核) acid( 酸)）（脱氧核糖核酸）. As specialized vocabulary of a field of knowledge, terms have one or more specific meanings that are not necessarily the same as those in common use. For example, SIESTA, SQUID and SHRIMP are acronyms distinguished from siesta, squid and shrimp in capitalization, thus reflecting the artistic sense of their creators. In particle physics, certain properties of particles are called flavor, color, but have no relation to conventional flavor and color. In condensed matter physics, especially in magnetic systems, fru