《Apple Juice》.pdfVIP

A Quantitative Assessment of Inorganic Arsenic in Apple Juice Clark D. Carrington, Ph.D., D.A.B.T., Clarence Murray, Ph.D., and Shirley Tao, Ph.D. Chemical Hazards Assessment Team Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition U.S. Food and Drug Administration 5100 Paint Branch Parkway College Park, MD 20740 Draft Report Dated July 1, 2013 Visit the FDA Arsenic in Apple Juice webpage for more information, 1 /Food/FoodborneIllnessContaminants/Metals/ucm280209.htm. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The purpose of this assessment is to provide quantitative estimates of long-term cancer risk presented by inorganic arsenic in apple juice. Inorganic arsenic is the primary toxic form of arsenic and has been associated with both acute and chronic health effects. Sampling over the past several years by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and others has revealed the presence of inorganic arsenic in apple juice in varying concentrations. In response to these findings, FDA conducted this assessment to quantify risk at various concentrations of inorganic arsenic in apple juice that correspond to concentrations seen in the samples. The assessment is intended to inform decision making by FDA on how best to manage the risk and protect the public health. FDA selected long-term cancer risk to assess because it is the outcome of greatest concern with lifetime exposure. Current FDA policy is based on evaluations of shorter term exposures and future guidance for individual products where exposure is expected to be temporary may continue to be based on noncancer endpoints. Much of the data employed in the dose-response modeling in this assessment, and many of the assumptions that were made, were d