原创力文档a reversible steganographic scheme for vq indices based on joint neighboring coding：量化指标的基础上联合邻近编码可逆密写方案.pdfVIP
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a reversible steganographic scheme for vq indices based on joint neighboring coding：量化指标的基础上联合邻近编码可逆密写方案
Expert Systems with Applications 42 (2015) 713–722
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Expert Systems with Applications
journal homepag e: /locate/eswa
A reversible steganographic scheme for VQ indices based on joint
neighboring coding
The Duc Kieu ⇑, Sterling Ramroach
Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Computing and Information Technology, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t
Article history: Obtaining a high embedding rate measured in bit per index (bpi) and a low bit rate measured in bit per
Available online 9 September 2014 pixel (bpp) is the main goal of a reversible data hiding scheme in the vector quantization (VQ) com-
pressed domain. This paper proposes a reversible steganographic scheme for VQ indexes based on the
Keywords: joint neighboring coding technique. The proposed method uses the difference values between the current
Information hiding VQ index and the left, upper, top-left neighboring VQ indices, and their combinations to embed n secret
Steganography bits into one VQ index. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme achieves the different
Watermarking
embedding rates of 0.984, 1.969, 2.953, and 3.938 bpi and average bit rates of 0.426, 0.503, 0.571, and
Reversible data embedding
0.634 bpp for n = 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Thes
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