(论文-)生命科学进展综述——-反义RNA技术及RNA干扰技术.docVIP

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(论文-)生命科学进展综述——-反义RNA技术及RNA干扰技术.doc

(论文-)生命科学进展综述——-反义RNA技术及RNA干扰技术.doc

反义RNA技术与RNA干扰技术   摘要:RNA 是生物体内最重要的物质基础之一,它与DNA 和蛋白质一起构成了生命的框架。因其能干涉哺乳动物基因表达而颇受瞩目,并且由此而引发的RNA 干涉( RNAi)成为了当前分子生物学和细胞生物学最为热门的话题之一。RNA干扰技术在2002年被Science杂志评为年度十大科技成就之首,而反义RNA 技术的发现对现代医疗技术的发展也起着重要的作用.常规的反义RNA 技术是设计出与靶RNA 互补的寡核苷酸,通过它与靶RNA 结合来干扰转录或翻译过程,使蛋白质不能被表达出来。本文通过对热点的RNA干扰技术以及反义RNA技术的生物学特性,分子机制,产生方法,和应用以及展望等方面的介绍,在对比中得出该两种技术的异同点,从而使对以RNA干扰和反义RNA为代表的RNA技术有更深入的了解。 关键词:反义RNA技术, RNA干扰技术,生物学特性,分子机制,产生方法,应用,展望 Antisence RNA Technique and RNAi Technique Abstract:RNA is one of the most essential fundamental substances, together with DNA and protein; it forms the frame of life. RNA has been much fixed eye on by the reason that it can interfere in the gene expression of mammals, which lead the RNAi to be one of the most heated topics in molecular biology and cytobiolog. With the RNAi technique regarded the first of the top 10 science and technology achievements by Science, the discovery of antisence RNA technique plays an irreplaceable role in the development of medical techniques. The regular antisence RNA technique designs the oligonucleotide which causes a complementation with the target RNA, by its combination with target RNA, it interferes the translation of transcription and translation, thus making it incapable for protein to express. This article introduces the biological characteristics, molecule mechanisms, preparation, application and future of both the antisence RNA technique and RNAi technique. With the contradistinction of these two techniques, we can get a better and comprehensive understanding of them. Key word: antisence RNA technique; RNAi technique; biological characteristics; molecule mechanisms; preparation; application; future 1.概念 1.1 反义RNA技术: 反义RNA(antisence RNA)是一种与特异的mRNA互补的RNA分子,它通过配对碱基间氢键作用于对相应的RNA而形成双键复合物(即反义RNA:mRNA二聚合体),抑制RNA的翻译过程。 而反义RNA技术是指,利用人工合成或生物体合成特定互补RNA片段或其化学修饰产物来抑制或封闭基因表达的技术。 1.2 RNA干扰技术: RNA干扰(RNAinference, RNAi)是指双链RNA(dsRNA)在细胞内特异性的诱导与之同源互补的mRNA降解,使相应基因的表达关闭,从而引发基因转录后水平沉默的现象。 2.机理 2.1 反义RNA抑制基因表达机理 无论是真核细胞还是原核细胞,均含有反义RNA。许多实验证明, 病毒和细菌

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