Chapter42EzraPound创新.pptVIP

Ezra Pound（1885-1972） ——Founder of Imagism Imagism: It is an early 20th-century movement in English poetry that derived its technique from classical Chinese and Japanese poetry, characterized by the use of concrete language and figures of speech, modern subject matter, metrical freedom, and avoidance of romantic or mystical themes, aiming at clarity of expression through the use of precise visual images. Ancient Chinese poetry 天净沙·秋思 枯藤老树昏鸦， 小桥流水人家， 古道西风瘦马。 夕阳西下 断肠人在天涯。 温庭筠《商山早行》： “鸡声茅店月，人迹板桥霜。” 贺铸《青玉案》： “一川烟草，满城风絮，梅子黄时雨。” Japanese Haiku Haiku is a Japanese poetic form that represents, in seventeen syllables, ordered into three lines of five, seven, and five syllables, the poet’s emotional or spiritual response to a natural object, scene, or season of the year. 俳句 俳句是一种有特定格式的诗歌。俳句的创作必须遵循两个基本规则： 第一，俳句由五、七、五三行十七个字母组成，当然，这是以日文为标准的。 第二，俳句中必定要有一个季语。所谓季语是指用以表示春、夏、秋、冬及新年的季节用语。在季语中除“夏季的骤雨”、“雪”等表现气候的用语外，还有象“樱花”、“蝉”等动物、植物名称。另外，如“压岁钱”、“阳春面”这样的风俗习惯也多有应用。这些“季语”通常带着现代日本人民对于幼小时代或故乡的一种怀念眷恋之情。 俳句 松尾芭蕉（1644—1694）日本江户时候俳谐诗人。芭蕉被日本人称为“俳圣”，他对日本俳句的发展起了举足轻重的作用。 芭蕉的诗风可以用“闲寂风雅”四个字来概括。像他的名句《古池》就是通过闲寂的独特表现力来产生艺术的风雅美的： “闲寂古池旁，青蛙跳进水中央，扑通一响。” Principles of Imagist poetry : I. Direct treatment of the “thing,” whether subjective or objective. (Direct treatment) II. To use absolutely no word that does not contribute to the presentation. (Economy of expression) III. As regarding rhythm: to compose in sequence of the musical phrase, not in sequence of the metronome (节拍器). (New rhythm /free verse) Direct Treatment The subject of the poem must be expressed in such a way as to resemble it and reproduce it as closely as possible. Simple language must be used to create an image which the reader can immediately see in his own imagination. Each word must be used with great exactitude to produce a precise image and nothing more. Economy of expression No word must be used which does not contribute directly to the image. The language must be concentrated. There must be no drawing of conclusio