chapter12015学期创新.ppt

lear a(1)=0.1; for i=1:100 a(i+1)=1.5387*a(i)*(1-a(i)); end figure(1) plot(0:100,a,.) b(1)=0.1; for i=1:100 b(i+1)=2.750*b(i)*(1-b(i)); end figure(2) plot(0:100,b,.) c(1)=0.1; for i=1:100 c(i+1)=3.250*c(i)*(1-c(i)); end figure(3) plot(0:100,c,.) d(1)=0.1; for i=1:100 d(i+1)=3.525*d(i)*(1-d(i)); end figure(4) plot(0:100,d,.) e(1)=0.1; for i=1:100 e(i+1)=3.555*e(i)*(1-e(i)); end figure(5) plot(0:100,e,.) f(1)=0.1; for i=1:100 f(i+1)=3.750*f(i)*(1-f(i)); end figure(6) plot(0:100,f,.) 1.4. Systems of Difference Equations In this section we consider systems of difference equations. For selected starting values we build numerical solutions to get an indication of the long-term behavior of the system. For the systems considered in this section, we find the equilibrium values and then explore starting values in their vicinity. If we start close to an equilibrium value, we want to know if the system will a. Remain close b. Approach the equilibrium value c. Not remain close What happens near equilibrium values provides insight concerning the long-term behavior of the system. Does the system demonstrate periodic behavior? Are there oscillations? Does the long-term behavior described by the numerical solution appear to be sensitive to a. The initial conditions b. Small changes in the constants of proportionality used to model the behavior under study Our goal now is to model several behaviors with difference equations and explore numerically the behavior predicted by the model. Example 1 A Car Rental Company A car rental company has distributorships in Orlando and Tampa. The company specializes in catering to travel agents who want to arrange tourist activities in both cities. Consequently, a traveler will rent a car in one city and drop the car off in the second city. Travelers may begin their itinerary in either city. The company wants to determine how much to charge for this drop-off convenience. Because cars are dropped of