英语动名词与现在分词的用法区别.doc

动名词与现在分词用法的区别 动词的-ing形式按功能可分为动名词和现在分词。动词的-ing形式何时为动名词，何时为现在分词。首先，我们要从概念上区分。动词的-ing形式在起名词作用时，称为动名词；用作形容词时，称为现在分词。其次，我们要从用法方面区分动词的-ing形式是动名词还是现在分词。 一、动词的-ing形式用作主语时为动名词，现在分词不可以用作主语。 1．动名词用作主语. Reading French is easier than speaking it. 阅读法文比讲法语容易。 Talking to him is talking to a wall. 和他说话等于对牛弹琴。 Smoking can cause cancer. 吸烟会致癌。 Growing roses is her hobby. 种玫瑰是她的爱好。 2．有时it作形式主语，把动名词主语放在句子后面 It’s nice seeing you again. 再次见到你太好了。 It was tiring driving from morning till night. 从早到晚开车很累人。 It’s a wonder meeting you here. 在这里碰到你真是奇迹。 It was a waste of time reading that book. 看那本书是浪费时间。 3. “There is + no”后可以用动名词作主语 There was no knowing what he could do. 他能做什么很难说。 There was no arguing with her. 没法和她争论。 二、动词的-ing形式用作宾语时为动名词，现在分词不可以用作宾语。 1．有许多动词可接动名词作宾语 I suggested bringing the meeting to an end. 我建议结束会议。 So you prefer living abroad? 这样说你更愿意住在国外？ He kept complaining. 他不停地抱怨。 I finished reading the book last night. 这书我昨晚看完了。 2．有许多带介词的动词固定搭配接动名词作宾语 He has given up playing football. 他现在不踢足球了。 Prices keep on increasing. 价格不断上涨。 三、当动词的-ing形式用作状语时为现在分词，动名词不可以用作状语。 现在分词及其短语可以用作状语，表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。其动作可能发生在谓语之前或之后，也可能与谓语动词的动作同时发生。 Climbing to the top of the tower, we saw a magnificent view. 我们爬到塔顶后，看到了一片壮丽的景象。（表时间） Living in the country, we had few social engagements. 我们住在乡下，交际的机会很少。（表原因） Having money, he will buy a bigger car.（表条件） Knowing the secret, she would not tell me about it..（表让步） The child fell, striking his head against the door and cutting it. 那孩子跌倒了，头碰在门上碰破了.（表结果） He stood leaning against the wall. 他靠墙站着.（表方式或伴随情况） 四、动名词与现在分词都可以用作表语，当动词的-ing的作用相当于名词时为动名词。当动词的-ing的作用相当于形容词时，动词的-ing为现在分词。 1．动名词用作表语 Her hobby is painting. 她的爱好是绘画。 Her job was tending the sheep. 她的工作是放羊。 The main thing is getting there in time. 首要的事是及时到达那里。 2．现在分词用作表语 The news is encouraging. 这消息令人鼓舞。 This story is very interesting. 这个故事很有趣。 The day was so charming. 天气真是好极了。 The difference was most striking. 差别很明显。 五、动名词与现在分词都可以用作定语 现在分词表示其所修饰的名词的动作，即: 现在分词与其所修饰的名词在逻辑上具有主谓关系。动名词则表示其修饰的名词的性质，或用途或功能. 两者在逻