tcpipday2国外大学课件.docVIP

TCP/IP Binary, IP addressing Binary Numbers When we look inside the packets sent across a TCP/IP network, most of the information is represented using the binary number system. And in particular, when we discuss that global addressing system introduced earlier, well discover that those global addresses are in fact 32 bit binary numbers. I find that the best way to introduce the binary numbering system is to learn to count in binary, and that the best way to do that is to imagine a binary odometer. You all know about odometers: they are the displays that show how many kilometers (or miles, if your car is old like mine) youve put on your car. (( count in decimal )) (( use 8 digit odometer )) Binary, unlike decimal (which has ten digits, 0-9), has only two digits: 0 and 1. So a binary odometer will move a bit differently. (( count in binary )) (( use 8 digit odometer )) (( explain why – bytes )) Now this odometer analogy is useful for a first introduction, and isnt too bad if all you needed to accomplish was counting from zero (or perhaps identifying small binary numbers). But it would be tedious, to say that the least, to use this method to, e.g., identify the binary representation of 25510, or determining the decimal of 101111012 . Binary – decimal An easier method for converting from binary to decimal is to determine the value of a particular bit in the binary number, based on its placement in the number (sometimes called its significance). Its pretty easy to determine the value of any particular bit: (1) The least significant (rightmost) bit has a value of one (2) Bit n=(n-1)*2 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 To calculate the value of a binary number, just add up the value of all the bits that are on, i.e., equal to one: 128+32+16+8+4+1= 189 Decimal to binary Its not quite as simple to convert from decimal to binary. Here’s one way to do it: (1) Find the first bit whose value is greater that the value of