专业英语备课笔记1.docVIP

English in Architecture and Construction Wang Yong-guang Institute of Environmental Science and Engineering Yang Zhou University 2004.08.08 UNIT ONE Text History of Water Supply [1] Man’s search for pure water began in prehistoric times. 人类在史前时期就开始寻求洁净的水。 Much of his earliest activity is subject to speculation. 人类最早的许多活动是不难推测的。 Some individuals might have led water where they wanted it through trenches dug in the earth. 一些人可能在地上挖沟，把水引到所需要的地方。 Later, a hollow log was perhaps used as the first water pipe. 后来，空心圆木可能作为最初的水管得到使用。 ·subject to 服从……指挥，视……而定，以……为条件，常遭…… ·speculation [spekju′lei∫?n] n. 推测，思索，投机（买卖） on speculation 冒险地，投机地 ·trench [trent∫] n. 深沟，地沟，[军]堑沟，壕沟 vt. 切开，挖（战壕于……），用壕沟防御 vi. 挖战壕，侵犯，侵占（他人土地、权利、时间等），接近，近乎 in the trenches 在第一线，在现场 trench on 或upon 侵犯，侵占，近乎，接近 [2] Thousands of years must have passed before our more recent ancestors learned to build cities and enjoy the convenience of water piped to the home and drains for water-carried wastes. 一定是在数千年后，我们更近代的祖先才学会建设城市，享受到管道供水进家和下水道泄水排污的便利。 Our earliest archeological records of central water supply and wastewater disposal date back about 5000 years, to Nippur of Sumeria. 有关集中给水排水设施的最早考古记录可上溯至约五千年前的苏米里亚德尼波城。 In the ruins of Nippur there is an arched drain with the stones set in full “voussoir” position, each stone being a wedge tapering downward into place. 在尼波城的废墟中有一拱顶下水道，其楔形石块尖头向下，被砌成完美的拱形。 Water was drawn from wells and cisterns. 水由井和蓄水池汲入。 An extensive system of drainage conveyed the wastes from the palaces and residential districts of the city. 完善的排水系统排除来自该城王宫和居民区的废水。 ·archeological[?a:ki′ l?d ik?l] a. 考古学的（ archaeological） ·water supply and wastewater disposal 给水排水设施 water supply and sewerage engineering 给水排水工程 ·Nippur of Sumeria 古巴比伦南部地区的一个古城 ·arch[a:t∫] n. 拱形结构，拱（门），弓形，半圆形，弓状物，牌楼 vt. 用拱连接，盖以拱顶，使弯成弓形，使弯曲 vi. 成为弓形，拱起，以拱跨越（或横越） arch[a:t∫] a. 主要的，总的，伶俐的，狡猾的，调皮的 an arch look 一幅调皮相 arch- [前缀]表示“主要的”，“总的”，“最重要的” archbishop n. 大主教 -arch [构成名词的后缀]表示“统治者” m