(通用)国际贸易复习要点讲解.docVIP

《国际贸易》复习题 名词解释 (如果是英文先翻译成中文, 再解释)/ 基本概念 （根据要求用英文或者中文） 古典贸易理论： analyzes the basis and the gains from trade. 机会成本opportunity cost:the amount of a commodity that must be given up to produce each additional unit of another commodity. 国际分工: 贸易结构Composition of trade:指某一时期贸易的构成情况。 贸易所得Trade gain:the gains from IT 外贸依存度Degree of dependence upon foreign trade:反映一国对外贸易与该国国民经济之间关系的指标，一般表示为一过的对外贸易额与改国的国民生产总值或者国内生产总值之比。 重商主义mercantilism：It postulated that the way for a nation to become richer was to restrict限制 imports and stimulate刺激 exports.Thus,one nation could gain only at the expense of other country.它指出一个国家如果要变强，必须限制外国商品的进口，同时刺激本国商品的出口，这样这个国家就能从中获利，但是其获利是以另一方受损为代价的。 绝对优势Absolute advantage：the greater effciency that one nation may have over another in the production of a commodity. 比较优势Comparative Advantage: 绝对优势理论Law of Absolute advantage:各国间存在的生产技术上的差别，以及由此造成的劳动生产率和生产成本的绝对差别，是国际分工和国际贸易的基础。各国应集中生产并出口具有“绝对优势”的产品，进口其不具有“绝对优势”的产品，其结果比自己什么都生产更有利。 The difference of technologies , the difference of productivities and the difference of cost of productions are the basis of intertional division of labor and IT.A nation should produce and export the commodities of absolute advantage,and import the commodities without absolute advantage,which is better than producing both by itself. 比较优势理论Law of Comparative Advantage如果各国之间存在着劳动生产率的相对差别，就会出现生产成本的相对差别，从而使各国在不同的产品上具有比较优势。各国应该集中生产并出口其具有比较优势的产品，进口其具有比较劣势的产品。 The law of comparative advantage: comparative advantage comes from the relative difference of productivities based on the relative difference of technologies. A nation should produce and export the commodities of comparative advantage, and import the commodities of comparative disadvantage. 要素禀赋Factor endowment ， 要素密集度 Factor intensity，要素密度是指生产某种商品时，与生产另一种商品相比，所投入两种生产要素的比例 the factor is the ratio of two production factors used in the production of a commodity compared with anther one. 要素丰裕度factor abundance: 指一国所拥有的两种生产要素的相对比例the factor abundance is the relative ratio of t