2014学位英语复习纲要打印版资料分析.ppt

虚拟语气重点点拨 虚拟语气的使用主要体现在三个方面：虚拟条件句、虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用，以及虚拟语气的一些特殊用法。 虚拟条件句: 虚拟条件句就是对现实条件的一种虚拟假设，所假设的条件一般不符合事实或与事实相反或在现实中发生的可能性极小。根据时间的不同，虚拟条件句可分为三种，即与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句、与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句及与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句。具体情况请看下表： 例句： 1.表示与现在事实相反 　　If I had enough money now ， I would lend it to you. 　　If I were you ， I would go to tell him the real feeling upon him. 2.表示与过去事实相反 　　If he had taken your advice ， he wouldnt have made such a bad mistake. 　　She would have come to enjoy the party if she hadnt been very busy. 3.表示与将来事实相反 　　I would go shopping with you if it were to be Sunday tomorrow. 　　If he were to be given another chance to do it again， he could certainly achieve more. 考点一：for + 时间段；since + 时间点 They have lived in Beijing for five years. They have lived in Beijing since 2004. I have learned English for ten years. 考点二：常见的不确定的时间状语：lately; recently, just, already, yet, up to now; so far, these days, Has it stopped raining yet ? I have just had my lunch. 考点三：在表示“最近几世纪/ 年/ 月以来……”时间状语中，谓语动词用现在完成时。 in the past few years/months/weeks/days; over the past few years; during the last three months; for the last few centuries, through centuries; throughout history 等 考点四：表示“第几次做某事，”或在 “It is the best (worst, most interesting ) +名词 ＋that” 后面跟现在完成时。 This is my first time that I have visited China. This is the most interesting film I have ever seen. That is the only book that he has written. Millions of pounds’ worth of damage ___by a storm which swept across the north of England last night. A. has been caused B. had been caused C. will be caused D. will have been caused 答案：A 解析：“storm”后的定语从句有明确的时间状语“last night”，故主语时态应确定为完成时，但D项为将来完成时，显然与语境不符。B项为过去完成时，但本句强调昨晚发生的风暴对现在的影响。 —The window is dirty. — I know. It ______ for weeks. A. hasn’t cleaned B. didn’t clean C. wasn’t cleaned D. hasn’t been cleaned 答案：D 解析：该题是根据交际情景中考查动词时态与语态。关键词for weeks，考虑现在完成时，表示到目前为止的结果，好几周不擦了；窗户与擦的关系是被动关系，故被动语态。句意；“窗户很脏了。”“我知道。好几周没有擦了。” 4. 现在完成进行时 现在完成进行时是由“have / has been+现分词”构成，表示从过去某一时刻发生的动作，一直延续到现在，并且还可能继