放射源活度的符合测量要点解析.docVIP

放射源活度的符合测量 专业：核工程与核技术 摘要：本实验选用了两片相同的铝片夹住的点源作为正电子源，的半衰期是2.6年，在短时间的测量过程中不用考虑其活度的变化。可经过EC俘获衰变到的激发态，其分支比为9.7%，也可经过β+衰变到的激发态，其分支比为90.2%,再从激发态衰变到基态，放出1.27MeV的γ光子，也能直接衰变到基态，其分支比为0.06%。产生的正电子在铝片中慢化后遇电子发生湮没，产生两个0.511MeV的湮没光子，湮灭光子发射方向相反且各向同性，因此用两个0.511MeV的光子进行了符合测量从而测出了的活度。探测仪器选用了γ射线探测效率高、能量分辨率好的NaI闪烁体探测器，实验系统采用了传统的符合测量装置，即两组NaI闪烁体探测器，放大器，单道，定标器，外加符合电路的组合。用此套装置很好的测出了的能谱，保证了整个装置完好。由于两种能量的光子都能被探测器探测到，所以通过测出了的能谱，调节单道的道宽和下阈值，卡掉1.27MeV了的γ光子，从而使0.511MeV的γ光子进行了γ-γ符合测量，测出了的活度，其活度是24353±162（Bq）。 关键词：点源 湮没光子 γ-γ符合法 Abstract: In this experiment, we chosed a point source which is sandwiched by two same aluminum foil , and whose half-life is 2.6years, we done not take into account the changes in the measurement of their activity in a short time. can decay to the excited state of through the EC capture, whose branching ratio is 9.7%, also can decay to the excited state of through β positive decay ,whose branching ratio is 90.2%, again from the excited state of decay to the ground state of , release a 1.27 MeV gamma photon, directly decay to the ground state of ,whose branching ratio is 0.06%.The released positrons enter into the aluminium and slow down quickly, then which happen flooded with negative electron and emit two photons γ,whose energy is the same，all equal 0.511MeV,and the direction of emission of two photons is counter and isotropic ,therefore we used the two photons whose energy is 0.511 MeV to match to measure the activity of .The detection equipment is NaI scintillation detector whose gamma ray detection efficiency is high and whose energy resolution is good, the experiment system is the traditional measuring device , consisting of two NaI scintillation detector, amplifier, single channel, the scaler, plus a combination of coincidence circuit.The energy spectrum of with this set of equipment measuring is very good and ensure the whole equipment in good condition.because two kinds of energy photon can be detected , so we measured the energy spectrum of , and a