第八版——精神活性物质所致精神障碍(中文).pptVIP

* Slide 9: Drugs have long-term consequences. ? Here is another example of what science has shown us about the long-term effects of drugs. What this PET scan shows us is how just 10 days of drug use can produce very dramatic and long-term changes in the brain of a monkey. The drug in these images is amphetamine, or what some people call “speed.” Remember the previous slide showed us what the brain of a chronic cocaine abuser looks like. This slide shows us what using a drug like amphetamine can do in only 10 days to the brain of a monkey. ? This slide also gives us a better idea of what methamphetamine, a drug similar in structure, can do to the brain. Methamphetamine use is becoming increasingly popular in certain areas of the country. ? The top row shows us, in white and red, normal brain activity. The second row shows us that same brain 4 weeks after being given amphetamine for 10 days. There is a dramatic decrease in brain activity. This decreased brain activity continues for up to 1 year after amphetamine use. These continuous brain changes often trigger other changes in social and emotional behavior, too, including a possible increase in aggressiveness, feelings of isolation, and depression. ? Photo courtesy of NIDA from research conducted by Melega WP, Raleigh MJ, Stout DB, Lacan C, Huang SC, Phelps ME. Recovery of striatal dopamine function after acute amphetamine- and methamphetamine-induced neurotoxicity in the vervet monkey. Brain Res 1997 Aug 22;766(1-2);113-120. ? ? * The progressive downhill course in many patients who develop substance dependence is illustrated here. This represents a modification of the Jellnick curve for alcohol dependence. The substance-related events and recovery patterns listed are for cocaine addiction; similar patterns exist for other substances. * Clinical course in 18 patients with alcohol and drug disorders. Each line represents a single patient and his or her course over 20 years. The upward deflection of each line repres