朗德科技声学测试培训2_Noise_measurements2-44.ppt

噪声 测量第二部分：噪声对人们的影响 柯 珂 1-Subjective phenomenon. Sound/noise声音/噪声的主观现象 2-Human hearing system人类的听觉系统 9.7 Noise dose for impulse noise and impact noise 脉冲噪声和冲击噪声的噪声剂量 The human ear has an excellent recuperation between different impulses. Increasing the noise level by 5dB will double the noise dose. The noise dose also depends on the number of impulse during an 8 hours shift. 声压级每增加5dB，噪声剂量增加1倍。噪声剂量同样依赖于8小时内的脉冲噪声数。 The equivalent noise dose depends on: Duration of each impulse or impact noise time the number of impulses or impact noises Corresponding peak pressure level 噪声剂量依赖于脉冲噪声和冲击噪声的持续时间和数量，与声压级峰值相关。 10. Sound quality metrics音质计 Several functions exist to give a quantification of the human perception of sound and its subjective description. 多个函数都可以对声音感知度作出定量评估和主观描述。 10.1 Loudness响度 Loudness (in phons or sones): describes the sensation of loudness (sound level) of a sound. 响度(单位：方或宋)：描述人耳感觉到声音的强弱等级。 As already seen : tones of different frequency but same SPL are not perceived equal in terms of loudness. to compare loudness of a sound a tone of 1kHz has been taken as reference. 频率不同，但声压级相同的纯音，其响度并不相同。 通常以1kHz纯音的响度作为基准，以便于比较。 60 phons means as loud as a 60dB, 1000 Hz tone 60phons等同于1kHz，60dB单音的响度 The use of the phon as a unit of loudness is an improvement over just quoting the level in dB, but it is still not a measurement which is directly proportional to loudness. The sone scale was created to provide such a linear scale of loudness. It is usually presumed that the standard range for orchestral music is about 40 to 100 phons. If the lower end of that range is arbitrarily assigned a loudness of one sone, then 50 phons would have a loudness of 2 sones, 60 phons would be 4 sones, etc. 与用分贝表示响度级相比，单位phon的使用是一大改进。但它与响度仍然没有直接的比例关系。所以又创建了单位sone，它与响度有直接的比例关系。通常认为标准管弦乐的响度范围约为40-100phons.如果上述响度范围的下限设为1sone，则50phons相当于2sones，60phons相当于4sons，以此类推。 1 40 ppp 2 50 ... 4 60 p 8 70 ... 16 80 f 32 90 ... 64 100 fff Sones Phons Dynamic Level