2014同济考博英语阅读真题(五篇).docVIP

2013同济考博英语阅读真题原文 1.Human Noise Disturbs Different Fish in Different Ways It is well known that animals are affected by human noise pollution. For example, dark-eyed junco birds that live in cities sing both?louder and with a different song?than their countryside counterparts. However, human noise pollution is not contained to cities, and even our oceans are filled with the noise from ships, motorboats and jet skis. Most research into human noise pollution has looked at how animals deal with communicating when there’s more noise than what they’re used to. However, noise can disrupt more than just an animal’s ability to communicate. Have you ever been in a bar, and had trouble enjoying your food, just because the music was too obnoxious? Or, if you happen to like pounding beats with your pizza, what about when you’re in a restaurant and an electric piano version of a Celine Dion song comes on and it makes you feel so physically sick that it’s hard to digest your soup. While these aren’t exactly the kind of problems that other animals face, having human-made noise might impair animals’ ability to find food by stressing it out, making it less hungry, or more directly through interfering with the animal’s ability to detect its food. The three-spined stickleback, Gasterosteus aculeatus A recent study compared the effects of human noise on two fishes: three-spined sticklebacks and European minnows. The researchers played a recording of ships to the fish while they were foraging to see how their behaviour differed from when they foraged with a playback of silence. When being played the sound of ships, both species of fish ate less of their food (the waterflea,?Daphnia) and were startled more often than when they had quiet. However, it seems that the noise disrupted the behaviour of the sticklebacks and minnows in different ways. The European Minnow Phoxinus phoxinus When the sticklebacks were played the ship noise, they made more errors while they were foraging, whereas the