GPS控制网分析和与研究.doc

摘要 GPS测量具有精度高、速度快等优越性,为了进一步得到可靠的观测成果，需要进行网形结构的优化设计,并制定相应的施测方案。本文从GPS控制网流程中实用性出发,与GPS控制网在南水北调中线工程第六标段中的应用实例相结合，对流程中的关键环节进行了分析研究，主要探讨和研究内容如下: (1)分析利用GPS进行定位的基本方法和观测量的类型，总结GPS观测量的误差来源和相应的改正措施。 (2)在分析GPS网可靠性研究和粗差分析具有观测量之间存在着较强的相关性、粗差含量大、多种类型的粗差同时存在等主要特点的基础上，对GPS控制网观测数据进行优化研究。 (3)研究不同基线数或不同基线边对控制网质量的影响。并用实例论证基于网形的控制网优化设计的可行性和有效性。 (4)论述残差理论，分析粗差对残差的影响和GPS网可靠性决定因子，推导总结出了GPS网可靠性指标，包括GPS基线向量的多余观测分量、内部可靠性和外部可靠性指标，总结基于相关分析的GPS网可靠性理论。 (5)总结提高GPS控制网可靠性的措施和基于多余观测的优化设计思路。并通过对GPS控制网在南水北调中线工程第六标段中的应用实例的分析得到论证。 Abstract GPS measurement of high precision, speed and other advantagesinorder to further secure the observation results, the need or net-shaped structure of the optimal design, and formulate corresponding to test this program. This process from the GPS control network practicability, and GPS control network in the North Water Transfer Project in the Sixth Application Lot combination of the process was the key to analysis and researh to investigate and research are as follows : Of the basic use of GPS positioning methods and the types of observations, summarize sources of GPS error of the measurements and the corresponding corrective measures. The reliability of the analysis of GPS network and the gross errors of observables exists between a strong correlation, gross error content of alarge variety of types of gross errors exist based on the major featuresonthe GPS control Optimization of network observation data. The number of different baselines or different baseline edge control network quality. Demonstrated with examples based on shape and control network design of the feasibility and effectiveness. ? Discusses the residual theory, the impact of outliers on the residuals and theGPS network reliability, determinants, derived summed up the GPS network reliability, including redundant observations GPS baseline vector components, the internal reliability and external reliability indicators that summarize the GPS network based on correlat