《自动化专业英语教程》Part3.docVIP

Part 3 Computer Control Technology Unit 1 A：Computer Structure and Function The CPU reads and interprets the instructions, reads the data required by each instruction, executes the action required by the instruction, and stores the results back in memory. One of the action that is required of the CPU is to read data from or write data to an external device. This is carried out using the input/output system. CPU 读取并解释指令，读取每一条指令所需的数据，执行指令所需的动作并将结果存储回内存。CPU所必需的一个动作就是从外设读写数据。该动作由输入/输出系统来完成。 The memory of computer consists of a set of sequentially numbered locations. Each location is a register in which binary information can be stored. The ‘number’ of location is called its address. The lowest address is 0. The manufacturer defines a word length for the processor that is an integral number of locations long. In each word the bits can represent either data or instructions. For the Intel 8086/87 and Motorala MC68000 microprocessors, a word is 16 bits long, but each memory location has only 8 bits and thus two 8-bit location must be accessed to obtain each data word. 计算机的内存由一组连续编号的单元构成。每一个单元都是一个存储二进制信息的寄存器。单元的编号称为其地址。最低的地址为0。制造商为处理器定义了字长，字长为单元长度的整数倍。每一个字中的位，既可以表示数据也可以表示指令。对于Intel 8086/87或者Motorala MC68000微处理器，一个字的长度为16位，但是每一个内存单元只有8位，因此， 为了得到一个字的数据必须访问两个8位的单元。 In order to use the contents of memory, the processor must fetch the contents of the right location. To carry out a fetch, the processor place (enables) the binary-coded address of the desired location onto the address line of the external processor bus. The memory then allows the contents of the addressed memory location to be read by the processor. The process of fetching the contents of a memory location does not alter the contents of that location. 为了使用内存的内容，处理器必须读取正确的存储单元的内容。为了完成一个取数操作，处理器将所需的单元的二进制编码的地址放（使能）在外部处理器的地址线上。接着，内存就允许处理器读取所给地址内存单元中的内容。取数操作不会影响存储单元中的内容。 In a real instruction set there are many more instructions. There is also a much larger number of memory locations in which to store instructions and