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The Two-Dimensional Dynamic Behavior of Conveyor Belts 3.1.1 NON LINEAR TRUSS ELEMENT If only the longitudinal deformation of the belt is of interest then a truss element can be used to model the elastic response of the belt. A truss element as shown in Figure 2 has two nodal points, p and q, and four displacement parameters which determine the component vector x: xT = [up vp uq vq] ????????????(1) For the in-plane motion of the truss element there are three independent rigid body motions therefore one deformation parameter remains which describes Figure 2: Definition of the displacements of a truss element the change of length of the axis of the truss element [7]: ε1 = D1(x) = ∫1 o ds2 - ds2o dξ ???????? ????(2) 2ds2o where dso is the length of the undeformed element, ds the length of the deformed element and ξ a dimensionless length coordinate along the axis of the element. Figure 3: Static sag of a tensioned belt Although bending, deformations are not included in the truss element, it is possible to take the static influence of small values of the belt sag into account. The static belt sag ratio is defined by (see Figure 3): K1 = δ/1 = q1/8T ??????????(3) where q is the distributed vertical load exerted on the belt by the weight of the belt and the bulk material, 1 the idler space and T the belt tension. The effect of the belt sag on the longitudinal deformation is determined by [7]: εs = 8/3 K2s ?????????????(4) which yields the total longitudinal deformation of the non linear truss element: 3.1.2 BEAM ELEMENT Figure 4: Definition of the nodal point displacements and rotations of a beam element. If the transverse displacement of the belt is being of interest then the belt can be modelled by a beam element. Also for the in-plane motion of a beam element, which has six displacement parameters, there are three independent rigid body motions. Therefore three deformation parameters remain: the longitudinal deformation parameter, ε1, and two bending deformation pa