figure f the speech.docVIP

Figure of speech: 1\ simile 明喻 2\ metaphor 暗喻 3\ metonymy 换喻 4\ synecdoche 提喻、借代 5\ irony 反语、讽刺 6\ pun 双关 7\ climax 8\ oxymoron 矛盾修辞法 9\ onomatopoeia 拟声animal noises such as oink, meow, roar or chirp. 10\ hyperbole 夸张 11\ euphemism 委婉 12、Transferred Epithe 移就 13、 understatement 明抑暗扬的低调陈述（14、 personification 拟人化1明喻 (simile)： 用like, as, as...as, as if(though) 或用其他词语指出两个不同事物的相似之处。例如： O my loves like a red, red rose. 我的爱人像一朵红红的玫瑰花。 The man cant be trusted. He is as slippery as an eel. 那个人不可信赖。他像鳗鱼一样狡猾。 He jumped as if he had been stung.他像被蜇了似的跳了起来。 Childhood is like a swiftly passing dream. 童年就像一场疾逝的梦。 暗喻 (metaphor)： 用一个词来指代与该词所指事物有相似特点的另外一个事物。例如： He has a heart of stone. 他有一颗铁石心肠。 The world is a stage. 世界是一个大舞台。 2. 换喻(metonymy) 用某一事物的名称代替另外一个与它关系密切的事物的名称，只要一提到其中一种事物，就会使人联想到另一种。比如用the White House 代替美国政府或者总统， 用the bottle来代替wine 或者alcohol， 用the bar 来代替the legal profession，用 crown代替 king等。例如： His purse would not allow him that luxury. 他的经济条件不允许他享受那种奢华。 The mother did her best to take care of the cradle. 母亲尽最大努力照看孩子。 He succeeded to the crown in 1848. 他在1848年继承了王位。 3. 提喻 (synecdoche) 指用部分代表整体或者用整体代表部分，以特殊代表一般或者用一般代表特殊。例如： He earns his bread by writing. 他靠写作挣钱谋生。 The farms were short of hands during the harvest season. 在收获季节里农场缺乏劳动力。 Australia beat Canada at cricket. 澳大利亚队在板球比赛中击败了加拿大队。 He is the Newton of this century. 他是这个世纪的牛顿。 Metonymy and Synecdoche Let’s drink a cup or two. The kettle is boiling. The pen is mightier than the sword. ?They were short of hands. ?My TV is out of order. ?He could hardly earn his everyday bread. 5.Irony 反语反语指用相反意义的词来表达意思的作文方式.如在指责过失.错误时,用赞同过失的说法,而在表扬时,则近乎责难的说法.例如:1.It would be a fine thing indeed not knowing what time it was in the morning.早上没有时间观念还真是一件好事啊（真实含义是应该明确早上的时间观念）2Of course, you only carry large notes, no small change on you. the waiter said to the beggar. 6、双关 (pun) 用同音异义或者一词二义来达到诙谐幽默的效果：表面上是一个意思，而实际上却暗含另一个意思，这种暗含的意思才是句子真正的目的所在。例如： A cannonball took off his legs, so he laid dow