棉秆活性炭去除水溶液中甲醛研究.doc

石河子大学毕业论文 棉秆活性炭去除水溶液中甲醛的研究 院 （系）： 化学化工学院 专 业： 应 用 化 学 学 号： 姓 名： 唐 继 平 指导教师： 鲁 建 江（教授） 完成日期： 2009年6月  棉秆活性炭去除水溶液中甲醛的研究 摘要 本实验以棉花秸秆为原料，以微波为能量，采用氢氧化钾为活化剂生产活性炭。研究了活化剂与原料的浸泡比例、微波功率、辐照时间等操作条件对活性炭吸附能力的影响，以单因素方法得出活性炭生产的最佳工艺条件，研究表明浸泡比例为0.6:1.0浸泡时间24h活化时间为10min微波功率为680的条件下可得到活性炭碘吸附值为1128. 07 mg/g、亚甲基蓝吸附值为19.8 mg/0.1g活化得率26. 67%将实验产品采用傅立叶红外光谱、比表面积测定仪、扫描电镜等技术，分别对氢氧化钾活性炭的表面化学基团、比表面积、孔容、孔径分布等表观特性进行分析，确定吸附剂的种类。结果表明活性炭表面布满了不同大小不同形状的孔洞以及不同的化学官能团，BET比表面积为529.33 m2/g通过BJH对全孔分布进行表征，该活性炭中孔发达。 最后将实验产品与其他两类棉秆活性炭经过预处理后用于去除水溶液中甲醛的吸附实验，并研究了在不同活性炭加入量、吸附pH值、吸附温度、初始质量浓度和吸附时间等条件下，活性炭吸附甲醛溶液的规律。结果表明氯化锌活性炭、磷酸活性炭、氢氧化钾活性炭对甲醛的吸附量随着pH值、初始质量浓度、活性炭加入量的升高呈上升的趋势；随温度的升高吸附量呈下降的趋势。由吸附等温公式、吸附动力学、吸附热力学的拟合结果显示活性炭对甲醛的吸附接近于Freundlich模型的非均一的单层吸附行为，说明吸附是一复杂的过程不是单一的物理或化学吸附。 关键词:　棉花秸秆；微波；KOH法；活性炭；甲醛 Abstract In this study, the activated carbon prepared from cotton stalk with KOH as activation was investigated under microwave radiation. Effects on the yield and absorption capacities of activated carbon resulted from soaking ratio of activation and raw material, microwave power, microwave radiation time and other operative conditions were studied. It indicated that the optimum conditions were as follows: microwave power of 680W, microwave radiation time of 10min, impregnation time of 24 hours and the impregnation ratio of KOH was 0.6g/g. Iodine number, amount of methylene blue adsorption and the yield of activated carbon prepared under optimum conditions were 1128. 07 mg/g, 19.8 mg/0.1g and 26.67%, respectively. Laboratory prepared activated carbons were characterized by SEM, FT-IR, SBET and pore structural parameters. SEM micrographs showed that the external surface of the AC was full of cavities, FT-IR spectrum of starting material showed many peaks belonging to different functional groups, and the SBET of AC was 529.33 m2 / g, which was mesoporesolid. Finally, zinc chloride activated carbon