科学探索与科技创新02_看不见的世界预案.ppt

科学探索与科技创新课序号601;北京时间2011年11月18日消息，世界新七大自然奇迹初选结果揭晓 ;越南下龙湾;南非开普敦桌山;亚马逊雨林;印度尼西亚科莫多国家公园;韩国济州岛;菲律宾的普林塞萨地下河国家公园;10 0 metres = 1 metre ;10 -1 metres = 0.1 metre ;10-2 metres = 0.01 metres ;10-3 metres = 0.001 metres ;10-4 metres = 0.000 1 metres ;10-5 metres = 0.000 01 metres ;10-6 metres = 0.000 001 metres ;10-7 metres = 0.000 0001 metres;10-8 metres = 0.000 000 01 metres ;DNA is a long chain made of sets of 4 nucleic acids. ;10-10 metres = 0.000 000 0001 metres ;The carbon atom, an essential ingredient for life, is mostly empty space. A cloud of six negatively charged electrons orbits the positively charged nucleus. From 10-11 m to 10-13 m not much changes. ;10-14 metres = 0.000 000 000 000 01 metres ;10-15 metres = 0.000 000 000 000 001 metres ;If, in some cataclysm, all of scientific knowledge were to be destroyed, and only one sentence passed on to the next generations of creatures, what statement would contain the most information in the fewest words?;I believe it is the atomic hypothesis (or the atomic fact, or whatever you wish to call it) that all things are made of atoms—little particles that move around in perpetual motion, attracting each other when they are a little distance apart, but repelling upon being squeezed into one another. In that one sentence, you will see, there is an enormous amount of information about the world, if just a little imagination and thinking are applied. Feynman Lectures on Physics;打开微观世界的三大发现;经典物理学经过三百多年的发展，到19世纪末已经有了完整的体系，在应用的推广上也硕果累累。;然而，正是在这个时候， 物理实验有了重大发现，打破了沉闷的空气，向物理学家的自满情绪提出挑战!;妙手偶得;1895年11月8日晚,伦琴用黑的厚纸板把阴极射线管子包起来，意外地发现1米以外的荧光屏在闪光，而这绝不是阴极射线，因阴极射线穿不透玻璃，只能行进几厘米远。;伦琴断定这是一种新射线，一种从未曾记载过的东西。伦琴用它拍出了一张肉淡骨浓的手掌照片，有人用它鉴别古画，一时引起轰动，伦琴将这具有非凡魅力的射线命名为“X”射线。;对本质的探求;由于X射线与原子中内层电子的跃迁有关，这说明了物理学还存在亟待搜索的未知领域。;都曾观察到过X射线的现象，但未深究，错过了机会。而伦琴善于观察，精心分析，因此他发现了“X”光。;1901年，伦琴获首届诺贝尔物理奖，他是当之无愧的。;英国艺术家、X光专家尼克·维希(Nick Veasey)利用一台大型扫描仪，制作了从推土机司机、波音777客机到宝马Mini Cooper等人和物的X光照片，其中一些照片的制作费用高达数千英镑，令我们从另外一个角度见识了摄影之美妙。;;;;3 电子的发现;德国物理 学家的以太说;英国物理学家的粒子