事理学.ppt

The History and Development of Cybernetics;Presented by The George Washington University in Cooperation with The American Society for Cybernetics;History of Cybernetics;The things a person had to understand to get through life were relatively uncomplicated. 一个人要从生活中理解的事情相对来说还不是很复杂。;Every object or process, which we shall refer to as a system, was relatively simple. 每一个物体或者过程，如果我们可称之为一个系统，都还相对简单。;In fact, up until the last few hundred years, it was possible for some people to master a significant portion of mans existing knowledge. 事实上，一直到最近的几百年前，对于某些人而言，他们一个人就有可能掌握人类现存知识体系中相当重要的一部分。;Leonardo Da Vinci was a leader in the fields of painting . . 达芬奇是绘画领域的领军人物….;. . . sculpture . . . …但同时也是雕塑领域的…;. . . anatomy . . . …也是解剖学专家…;. . . architecture . . . …建筑学专家…;. . . weapons engineering, and . . . …武器制造工程师…而且还是…;. . . aeronautical engineering. This is his sketch for a 16th century flying machine . . . …航空工程师。这是他画的16世纪的飞行器的草图…;. . . and for a parachute in case the machine broke down. …如果飞行器出了问题，这是降落伞的草图。;As time passed, the systems that humans were concerned with became . . . 随着时间的推移，人类所关注的系统开始变得…;. . . more and more complicated. …越来越复杂。;Transportation systems alone have become more complex . . . 只是交通系统就已经变得更复杂了…;. . . and more complex . . . …而且越来越复杂…;. . . and more complex . . . …越来越复杂…;. . . and more complex . . . …越来越复杂…; . . . as have energy systems. …能源系统也是如此。; Some people have suggested that technology . . . 有些人建议技术…;. . . is advancing so rapidly it . . . …发展得如此迅猛…;. . . is outpacing our ability to control it. …已经超出了我们能够控制的能力了。;Clearly, it is no longer possible for one person to keep up with developments in all fields, let alone be a leader in many of them, as Leonardo Da Vinci was. 很显然，像达芬奇那样一个人能够在许多领域发展并成为各个领域的领军人物已经不再可能了。;Specialization has become a necessity. How then, do we live and work effectively in a technically advanced society? 专业化成为了一种必须。那么，我们怎么样才能有效地生活和工作在一个技术高度发达的社会中呢？;Underlying Principles;Cybernetics = Regulation of Systems事理学 ＝ 系