原子物理学8-1.ppt

X射线是伦琴在1895年发现的，也叫伦琴射线。;X射线的产生;电磁波频谱;1）能使照相底片感光； ;X射线测谱计;X射线谱 ;X射线由两部分构成，一是波长连续变化的连续谱，它的最短波长只与外加电压有关；;连续谱;△E将以光子的形式向外辐射，则有;标识谱;对K?谱线的波数，莫塞莱(Moseley)总结出经验公式;Moseley Henry(1887-1915): A British chemist who studied under Rutherford and brilliantly developed the application of X-ray spectra to study atomic structure; his discoveries resulted in a more accurate positioning of elements in the Periodic Table by closer determination of atomic numbers. Tragically for the development of science, Moseley was killed in action at Gallipoli in 1915.;;1）标识谱产生于原子内层电子的跃迁。;Pierre Auger b. Paris, 14/5/1899 d. Paris, 25/12/1993;The Auger process involves three steps Excitation of the atom causing emission of an electron 2. An electron drops down to fill the vacancy created in step 1 3. The energy released in step 2 causes the emission of an Auger electron.;高能电子与原子相互作用 ;;;K线系指的是末态是K壳层( n=1壳层)，其它线系与此相似；然后又以初态的不同，分为Kα、Kβ......