构词法-硕士英语资料.docVIP

PAGE  PAGE 14 Word Formation * The expansion of vocabulary in modern English depends chiefly on word-formation. Affixation （词缀法） 30％－40％ Compounding （复合法、合成法） 28％－30％ Conversion （转类法） 26％ Shortening/Clipping （缩略法）8％－ 10％ Blending （拼缀法） 1％－5% Acronymy (首字母拼音法) Affixation: the formation of words by adding affixes to the bases (stems). Prefixes (前缀): do not generally change the word- class of the bases but only modify its meaning. 不改变词性，改变词义 Suffixes (后缀): change the word class with a slight modification of meaning. 改变词性，不（略微）改变词义 Prefixes Negative prefixes : 否定前缀 dis dislike, disagree, disallow, disunite, disinterested, disobey, disorder in(ir, im, il) illiterate, illegal, immature, inaudible, injustice, irregular, irresponsible non nonhuman, nonsmoking, non-violence un unimportant, unknown, unwilling, unsmiling, unable (de deforest, desalt, devalue, destruction) Pejorative prefixes: 贬义前缀 mis mislead, mistrust, misunderstand mal maltreat, malformed, malpractice pseudo pseudocide, pseudocode, pseudonym, pseudograph Prefixes of Degree or Size: 表示程度大小的前缀 co co-star, co-author, cohabit, co-worker extra extra-large, extra-strong, extra-bright macro macrostructure, macroeconomics, micro microsurgery, microfilm, microwave, microcomputer, microexpression miniminibus, minicamera, mini-market, mini-bikini overoverexcited, overweight, over-anxious, overestimate under under-age, underbred, underdo, undermanned ultra ultraclean, ultracritical, ultraism, ultraleft, ultrasonic super, ser, Prefixes of Orientation Attitude 表示方向态度的前缀 anti anti-aging, anti-nuclear, anti-climax, anti-government counter counter-accuse, counterclockwise, counterattack pro proabortion, pro-common market Locative prefixes: 表示位置的前缀 extra extramarital, extraterrestrial inter interbreeding, interpersonal, interstate super superstructure, superscript tele telescope, telecommunication, telegram，telepathy trans translate, transform, transplant,