大学英语文化与影视之西方建筑与艺术解决方案.pptVIP

在《上十字架》一画上，鲁本斯集中以冲突与运动为基础，设计了一个从左上角向右下角展开的对角线构图。强光来自右下方，行刑的兵丁出现在与强光相背的方向。耶稣被钉的十字架刑具是从画面的右下往左上方向竖起的。这支十字架显得很沉重。行刑的人物都很紧张，右边一个兵丁紧拽着绳索，左边的执行者托着十字架，身上的肌肉似都要绽开的样子。可是十字架上的耶稣却现出坚定的神态，脸上毫无痛苦的表情。他举目斜视着天际，突出了一种英雄般的精神力量。耶稣与下面一群执刑的暴徒，构成了力度上的对比。 鲁本斯很善于在这类画上添上些很生动的风景细节。右上侧那棵大树，叶子似被狂风吹得翻卷乱颤，而与此相对，左下角画了一只张着嘴的卷毛狗。全画处在一种旋风般的激情中。这些形象使我们想起了丁托莱托的某些画面。意大利风格在这幅画上是以传统的色彩与笔法来映衬的，因此，虽然显露着威尼斯的情调，然已展现出鲁本斯的个性特征了。特别是在造型结构上，他用心于自己的塑造风格。 2. Dutch Protestant Art During the early 17th century, the Netherlands held the commercial leadership of Europe, their wealth per capita was greater than that of a country in Europe. The favorable economical condition brought about a boom in art. Nearly every Dutch city had its school of artists with merchants, middle-class people as their patrons. Dutch art was a popular art that recorded the familiar scenes and everyday life of the time. There was also religious paintings at the time, but they were mostly pictures for private collection, rather than altar pieces to be used for worship and praying. ◆Van Riji Rembrandt(伦勃朗, 1606-1669) Rembrandt was the principal Dutch Baroque painter and etcher(蚀刻师 ) and one of the greatest masters of European art. ◆Major works: Blinding of Samson (参孙被刺瞎 1636)， which developed a full-blown baroque style of dramatic lighting and violent action. The Polish Rider (波兰骑手1655) 3. Art and Architecture The typical Baroque architectures of this period are characterized by proliferation(泛滥) of ornament. ◆Palace of Versailles Garden Front 凡尔赛宫 ◆East Front of the Louvre 卢浮宫 ◆St. Paul’s Cathedral 圣保罗大教堂 V. Art Rococo Art 洛可可艺术 ★意义与背景 洛可可艺术(Rococo art)是法国十八世纪的艺术样式，发端于路易十四（1643～1715）时代晚期，流行于路易十五（1715～1774）时代，风格纤巧、精美、浮华、繁琐，又称「路易十五式」。 　　十八世纪被看成是「理性的时代」或「启蒙运动」的时代，哲学家从过去假设上帝存在进而推论所有事物的工作，转换为依据实验和观察的理性方法去推论世间的万象，几乎将神学从哲学中剔除，选择倾向世俗的路线，趣味从注重高尚的教化转向寻求轻浮的快感。艺术的风格，在音乐家莫札特、海顿，文学家蒲伯、艾狄生、福尔泰，画家华铎、康斯博罗中，贯穿著一种共同主题，它把理性与优美趣味同轻松、明晰、秩序井然的材料相互配合起来。 　　 路易十四常在凡尔赛宫开各种舞会，藉著繁琐的礼仪与无意义的职务折腾贵族们，再以富丽堂皇的宫廷装饰营造悠闲的环境，