非谓语动词详细讲解,个人整理,适合高考复习.docVIP

√ 一 .不定式 构成： to+动词原形 在句中作用：除谓语动词外的任何成分 1.不定式作主语 不定式作主语，常用it替代，而将真正主语放在末尾 It‘s useful to learn English well=To learn English well is useful. 句型 it+be+ adj+ of/for sb+to do sth. It is important for us to protect the environment. 注意：在kind, good, nice, clever等修饰人品质的时候介词用of It is kind of you to help me. 2.不定式作宾语 一些谓语动词后只能跟不定式，这类词表命令，打算或者希望的 如：would like, like, want, wish, hope, plan, expect. Would you like to see a film this evening? 在find，think后跟不定式作宾语，常用it替代，而将真正宾语放于句末。 I find it easy to learn English everyday. 3.不定式作宾语补足语 不定式作宾语补足语（与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系) eg: Lucy asked him to turn down the radio. 常跟不定式作宾语补足语的有ask, want, help, wish, teach, encourage, invite, warn, allow等。 eg: My mother encourages me to learn Japanese. 注意：一些使役动词和感官动词也用动词不定式作宾补，这时要 省略to. 这些动词有：一感（feel)、二听（hear, listen to)、三让 （let, make, have)、四看（look at, watch, see, notice) 。但变 为被动语态时要加上to. eg: The teacher was saw to enter the office 不定式作其他成分 作表语（常在be动词后，可与主语互换）： eg: His task is to learn hard 作定语 (与宾语有逻辑上动宾关系）： eg: There is nothing to worry about. 作状语（目的，结果，原因）： eg: He opened the door for her to come in 疑问词+不定式（作主语或者宾语（可转化为宾语从句）） eg: can you tell me when to leave? = can you tell me when you will lea 二.动名词 构成：动词原形+ing 用法：作主语、宾语、表语、定语 1.主语 eg: Eating much is bad for your health. 2.宾语 动词宾语：eg： I like playing basketball very much. 介词宾语：eg: The notebook is used for writing down notes. 3.表语 eg: His hobby is swimming. =swimming is his hobby. 4.定语 eg: she is in the reading room. 注：两动词连用只能接动名词的词 完成实践值得忙; finish, practice, be worth, be busy 继续习惯别放弃; keep on , be used to , give up 考虑建议不禁想; consider , suggest, can’t help, feel like 喜欢思念要介意. enjoy, miss, mind 三.分词 构成：现在分词: 动词+ ing 过去分词： 动词+ ed 用法：表语、定语、状语、补足语 1.表语 现分eg: The story is interesting. 过分eg: I am bored with the thing. 2.定语 现分eg: Do you know the girl standing under the tree? 过分eg: Please hand your written exercise. 3.状语 现分eg: They went out of classroom, talking and laughing. 过分eg: Seen from the hill,the school is beautiful. 4.补足