非谓语动词学案练习.docVIP

高三英语学案（非谓语动词1） 目的：1. 复习动词不定式和动名词的构成及在句子中的功能。 2. 熟练运用动词不定式和动名词的各种形式。 一． 动词不定式 1. 动词不定式的构成 (以make为例) 语态 形式 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 to make to be made 进行式 to be making / 完成式 to have made to have been made ★ 动词不定式的否定式只要把not放在to的前面。 ★ 动词不定式后可以有自己的宾语或被状语修饰，构成动词不定式短语。 2. 动词不定式的功能 英语的句子成分有七种，即：主语，谓语，宾语，定语，状语，补足语，表语。动词不定式除去不能单独作谓语以外，其他六种成分均可充当。 To see is to believe. (主语、表语) He decided to study hard. (宾语) Will you attend the meeting to be held tomorrow? (定语) Doctors advised him to stop smoking. (宾语补足语) Bell is considered to have invented the telephone. (主语补足语) 在感官动词和使役动词后作补足语的不定式，主动语态中to省略。 二． 动名词 1. 动名词的构成 (以make为例) 语态 形式 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 making being made 完成式 having made having been made ★ 动名词的否定式只要把not放在动名词的前面。 ★ 动名词后可以有自己的宾语或被状语修饰，构成动名词短语。 2. 动名词的功能：主语，宾语，定语，表语。 Seeing is believing. (主语、表语) We should practice reading English every day. (宾语) There’s a swimming pool and two dining halls in our schools. (定语) Being examined every two years is a rule for every driver. (主语) 3. 动名词的逻辑主语：在通常情况下，动名词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。如： The prisoner escaped without being seen. (being seen 的逻辑主语是the prisoner) After standing in the queue for hours, we got good seats. （standing 的逻辑主语是we） I’m afraid of waking the baby. (waking 的逻辑主语是I) ★ 在很多情况下，动名词所表示的是一个泛指的概念，没有具体的动作执行者。如： No parking here. Mastering a foreign language is no easy job. It’s no use crying over spilt milk. ★ 动名词也可以有自己的逻辑主语，该逻辑主语以所有格的形式放在动名词的前面，则构成动名词的复合结构。位于句首作主语的动名词复合结构中必须用所有格；位于句中的动名词复合结构中也可以用宾格（普通格）；当动名词的逻辑主语是不定代词或无生命的名词时，只能用宾格 (普通格)，不能用所有格。如： My smoking here annoyed them. (my 不能换成me) John’s laughing made his father angry. (John’s 不能换成John) We were angry about his / him being absent from the meeting. My baby was awakened by someone knocking at the door. (someone是不定代词，不能用所有格 ) There is no hope of the stolen wallet being found. (wallet 是无生命的名词，不能用所有格) 4. 动名词的被动语态：当动名词的逻辑主语是动名词所表示的动作承受者时，该动名词要用被动语态。只有及物动词或 “不及物动词+介词” 构成的动名词短语才有被动语态。如： I don’t like being disturbed