EXTERNAL会计.ppt

EXTERNAL ACCOUNTING Objectives Understand External Accounting concepts Understand SAP’s External Accounting functions Understand the Integration with other functional areas EXTERNAL ACCOUNTING Areas of financial accounting that is required by law INTERNAL ACCOUNTING Areas of accounting that are relevant to the management of the organisation Overhead Accounting (dept etc.) Profitability Accounting (product, mkt segment etc.) SAP’s internal accounting tools include: Cost Center Profit Center Accounting Profitability Analysis Internal Order Accounting etc. EXTERNAL INTERNAL ACCOUNTING In SAP, General Ledger has no internal accounting views, i.e. No departmental information No product information EXTERNAL INTERNAL ACCOUNTING SAP GL only has natural account info e.g. Conventional GL Systems: In SAP GLTravel expense - production dept Travel ExpenseTravel expense - finance deptTravel expense - marketing dept The departmental view is kept in an Internal Accounting Ledger e.g. Cost Center Ledger Production Dept- Travel Expense- Entertainment Expense- Salaries Expense Finance Dept- Travel Expense ... CHECKPOINT We have covered: Definition of External Accounting SAP’s division of External Accounting Internal Accounting Next: General Ledger DOUBLE-ENTRY ACCOUNTING The double-entry book-keeping concept: Every business transaction affects two or more accounts. Every financial transaction must result in equal debits and credits. ACCRUALS vs. CASH ACCOUNTING Accrual Basis: Revenue and expenses are recognized in the period in which the related business transaction occur. Cash Basis: Revenue is recognized when cash is received. Expenses are recognized at point of cash outlay. SAP GENERAL LEDGER Organisational Structure Client Highest heirarchical level Stores general data used for all company codes and organizational structures SAP ensures standardized data SAP GENERAL LEDGER Organisational Structure Chart of Accounts Includes all the GeneraL