16-HighSpeedLANs.ppt

Data and Computer Communications Eighth Edition by William Stallings Introduction range of technologies Fast and Gigabit Ethernet Fibre Channel High Speed Wireless LANs Why High Speed LANs? speed and power of PCs has risen graphics-intensive applications and GUIs see LANs as essential to organizations for client/server computing now have requirements for centralized server farms power workgroups high-speed local backbone Ethernet (CSMA/CD) most widely used LAN standard developed by Xerox - original Ethernet IEEE 802.3 Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) random / contention access to media ALOHA developed for packet radio nets when station has frame, it sends then listens for a bit over max round trip time if receive ACK then fine if not, retransmit if no ACK after repeated transmissions, give up uses a frame check sequence (as in HDLC) frame may be damaged by noise or by another station transmitting at the same time (collision) any overlap of frames causes collision max utilization 18% Slotted ALOHA time on channel based on uniform slots equal to frame transmission time need central clock (or other sync mechanism) transmission begins at slot boundary frames either miss or overlap totally max utilization 37% both have poor utilization fail to use fact that propagation time is much less than frame transmission time CSMA stations soon know transmission has started so first listen for clear medium (carrier sense) if medium idle, transmit if two stations start at the same instant, collision wait reasonable time if no ACK then retransmit collisions occur at leading edge of frame max utilization depends on propagation time (medium length) and frame length Nonpersistent CSMA Nonpersistent CSMA rules: if medium idle, transmit if medium busy, wait amount of time drawn from probability distribution (retransmission delay) retry random delays reduces probability of collisions capacity is wasted because medium will remain idle following end of tr