P1 U1 A.pptVIP

Although current sources not as familiar in practice, the concept does find wide use in representing an amplifying device, such as transistor, by means of an equivalent electrical circuit. 尽管在实际应用中电流源并不常见，但是（我们）可以将此概念广泛地应用在通过等效电路表示放大装置（如晶体管）的场合中。 Specified English * A common method of analyzing an electrical network is mesh or loop analysis. 网孔（回路）分析法是电路分析的常用方法。 Specified English * Loop Current Method 回路电流法 Mesh Current Method 网孔电流法 The fundamental law that is applied in this method is Kirchhoff’s first law, which states that the algebraic sum of the voltages around a closed loop is 0, or, in any closed loop, the sum of the voltage rises must equal the sum of the voltage drops. 此方法中应用的基本原理为基尔霍夫第一定律，基尔霍夫第一定律指出：闭合回路中电压的代数总和为零，即在任意的闭合回路中，上升的电压总和必然等于下降的电压总和。 Specified English * Kirchhoffs Voltage Law基尔霍夫电压定律KVL Kirchhoffs Current Law 基尔霍夫电流定律KCL Node current: ∑ i ( t ) ＝ 0， charge conservation Loop voltage: ∑ u (t) ＝0, energy conservation Mesh analysis consists of assuming that currents--- termed loop currents---flow in each loop of a network, algebraically summing the voltage drops around each loop, and setting each sum equal to 0. 在回路分析法中，先指定电路中每个回路的电流（称为回路电流）方向，再求出每个回路内电压降的代数总和，最后令每个代数和为零。 Specified English * The Superposition Theorem 叠加定理 The Substitution Theorem 替代定理 Reciprocity Theorem 互易定理 Consider the circuit shown in Fig. 3a, which consists of an inductor and resistor connected in series to a voltage source e. 考虑图3a所示的由电感，电阻和电压源e串联而成电路。 Specified English * -e+uR+uL=0 The input voltage is summed negatively since, in the direction of assumed current, it represents an increase in voltage. 因为沿着指定的电流方向，输入电压表示的是电压的增加，所以输入电压总和为负。 The drop across each passive element is positive since the current is in the direction of the developed voltage. 由于流经每个无源元件的电流方向与电路中产生电压的方向一致，因而其相应的电压降为正。 After differentiation with respect to time, Eq. (1-1A-7) becomes 对公式（1-1A-7）两边关于时间变量求微分，可得 Which is the differential equation for the inductor voltage. 上式为电感电压的微分方程。 Specified En