02-0 压电陶瓷起源.docVIP

压电陶瓷起源Piezoelectric Ceramic 当在某些各向异性的晶体材料上施加机械应力时，在晶体的某些表面上会有电荷出现。这一效应称为正压电效应，晶体的这一性质，称为压电性。压电性是J.居里及P.居里兄弟于1880年发现的。后来居里兄弟发现，在晶体上施加电压时，则晶体会产生几何形变, 这一效应称为逆压电效应。 J. Curie and p. Curie’s brothers found that the some crystal is exert pressure or pull in specific direction, On the surface of crystal produce the positive and negative bound charge , in 1880. The bound charge density and force direct proportion, This phenomenon is called piezoelectric effect. The experimental result of Curie’s brother verify that the converse piezoelectric effect, and gives the numerical equal quartz crystal, converse piezoelectric effect of the piezoelectric constant in later. 1942年到1945年期间，发现钛酸钡（BaTiO3）具有异常高的介电常数。此后不久，有人发现BaTiO3具有压电性。BaTiO3陶瓷的发现是压电材料的一个飞跃。 In discovery and understanding the piezoelectric ceramic of process had three periods: The first period is found that high dielectric constant; The second period is to realize the high dielectric constant from ferroelectricity. The third period is found polarization process. 在发现和理解陶瓷的压电性方面。经历了三个阶段：第一阶段是发现高介电常数；第二阶段是认识到高介电常数起因于铁电性。第三阶段是发现极化过程。BaTiO3陶瓷的压电性一经发现，就得到实际应用。留声机用拾音器，压电换能器、滤波器等。虽然如此，BaTiO3陶瓷也有缺点，即它的压电性弱，随温度和时间的变化又比石英晶体大。 1954年美国B.贾菲等人发现了压电PbZrO3__PbTiO3 PZT 固溶体系统。这一系统材料具有比BaTiO3的高，并存在着与温度无关的变晶相界。其机电耦合系数、机械品质因数都比BaTiO3的大，温度稳定性和时间稳定性都比BaTiO3的好。逐步取代了BaTiO3的地位。 Huanm found that barium titanate BaTiO3 has the high dielectric constant period 1942 to 1945. B. Jaffe found that the piezoelectric PbZrO3__PbTiO3 PZT solid solution system in USA in 1954. The parameter capability of material system is higher than BaTiO3, and there is phase boundary of the quartz crystal with temperature no relation. The electromechanical coupling coefficient, mechanical quality factor is bigger than BaTiO3, temperature stability and time stability is better than BaTiO3. BaTiO3 has been gradually replaced by PZT. In 1965, in PZT added the third composition of composite perovskite’s crystal structure - niobium magnesium acid lead [Pb Mg1/3 Nb2/3 O3] a