chapter 11 magnetic field.pptVIP

8. 如图, 一半径为R的无限长半圆柱面导体，沿长度方向的电流I在柱面上均匀分布, 求半圆柱面轴线OO’上的磁感应强度. Solution： O x y dI dB +x-direction 1. Ampere’s law o we choose the counterclockwise circular path of integration 11.4 Ampère ’s law 26-4,5 Integrate along the path o For any arbitrary path Integrate along clockwise direction L2 L1 In the case that the wire is outside of the closed loop but still at the same plane with it Ampère’s law The line integral of the magnetic field around a closed path is equal to times algebraic sum of the currents enclosed by the path. The positive and negative of the current though the path --the right-hand rule o o 问（1） 是否与回路 外电流有关？ （2）若 ,是否回路 上各处 ？是否回路 内无电流穿过？ discussion 对环流积分有贡献的只有包围在内(套连)的电流 1 是空间全部电流产生的磁场 3 磁场是有旋场(涡旋场) 2 电流正向的规定满足右手法则(相对积分环路) 4 只适合无限长导线或闭合回路 2. Application of Ampere’s law Ampère’s law can help us to determine the magnetic field of current-carrying objects with a high degree of symmetry which usually have current uniformly distribute on the cross sections. 1. (Example 26-4):Field inside and outside a long straight cylindrical wire (R, I) Solution：from the symmetry ,we can get B have the same value at all points the same distance from the center; B are tangent to circles around the wire, . We choose the concentric circular path of integration as shown Helmholtz Coil Closer than Helmholtz Coil Multiple wire loops Circular wire loop Magnetic of solenoid loosely wound tightly wound For ideal long solenoid, magnetic field is uniform inside and zero outside. 2. Magnetic field of a long solenoid 长螺线管的磁场 P612 ???????????? ???????????? Solution: Solenoid :A long coil of wire consisting of many loops (n,I) The number of loops per unit length The field is parallel to the solenoid axis. We chose the path as shown. The field is uniform inside a long solenoid and is independent of the shape of the cross section. If the toroid is large but thin Solution: the fie