第九章 带电粒子在磁场中的运动.pptVIP

* 9.1 Coupling to the Electromagnetic Field 9.2 The Hydrogen Atom 9.3 The Spectrum of Hydrogen Atoms 9.4 Current in the Hydrogen Atoms 9.5 The Magnetic Moment Chapter 9 Chraged particles in Magnetic Fields 9.1 Coupling to the Electromagnetic Field In an electromagnetic field, the Lorentz force which acts on a charged particle of charge e is Where The Hamiltonian In the electromagnetic, the canonical momentum (正则动量) p is replaced by In general, the gradient (梯度) and vector potentials (矢势) do not commute, The electromagnetic potential A and ? are not unique，but are gauge in