微机原理知识要点.doc

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微机原理知识要点

Microcomputer principle and interface technology 我的总结:in this course I learned 1.some basic knowledge of computers.Like conversion of number systems (Binary ['ba?n?r?] Octal['?kt(?)l] Decimal ['des?m(?)l] Hex) Harvard architecture and Von Neumann architecture mainly use 8086 chip as an example,learned fundamental architecture of microcomputer() 16-bit microprocessor, A 20-bit external address bus gave a 1 MB physical address space , dual in-line package(双列直插式),40-pin,are 16-bit Internal and external data bus , EU and BIU same time working ,so improve the efficiency of the system Jump instruction decrease the efficiency,because when EU jump,BIU throw all instruction already in Instruction queue and reload new code A,Execution Unit(EU) mainly function: only execute instruction ALU(Arithmetic Logical Unit): eight and sixteen binary arithmetic FR(Flag Register): status flag:CF(Cary Flag) :The highest bit of computation is a carry or borrow PF(Parity Flag奇偶):an even number of 1 in result of computation AF(Auxiliary Carry Flag) :if there is a carry from low nibble to high nibble or a borrow from a high nibble to low nibble ZF(Zero Flag) :result of computation is 0 SF(Sign Flag) :The highest of computation is 1 OF(Overflow溢出 Flag) GPR(General Purpose Register): Store Data and Address AX(Accumulator Register):store the data and result of computation BX(Base Register):Also store Logical memory offset address(内存的逻辑偏移地址) CX(Counter): stores the number of times a particular event or process has occurred DX(Data Register) SI(Source Index):store Logical offset address of the memory DI(Destination Index):store Logical offset address of the memory BP(Base Pointer):Stack base pointer for holding the address of the current stack frame SP(Stack Pointer):Stack pointer for top address of the stack. EU Control Circuit B,Bus Interface Unit(BIU) mainly function:fetch instruction,Read Operands,Write Result commun

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