Lecture 37 Feedback, stability and oscillation.pptVIP

Lecture 37Feedback, stability and oscillation Amit Kumar Mishra ECE, IIT G Barkhausen’s Criteria for Oscillation. Oscillators with Frequency-Selective RC Networks: Phase-Shift Oscillator Oscillators with Frequency-Selective RC Networks: Wien-Bridge Oscillator HP 200A ? Amplitude Stabilization Loop gain of oscillator changes due to power supply voltage, component value or temperature changes. If loop gain is too small, desired oscillation decays and if it is too large, waveform is distorted. Amplitude stabilization or gain control is used to automatically control loop gain and place poles exactly on jw axis. At power on, loop gain is larger than that required for oscillation.As oscillation builds up, gain is reduced to minimum required to sustain oscillations. Amplitude Stabilization in RC Oscillators: Method 1 Amplitude Stabilization in RC Oscillators: Method 2 LC Oscillators: Colpitts Oscillator LC Oscillators: Hartley Oscillator Crystal Oscillators Crystal Oscillators: Example Problem: Find equivalent circuit elements for crystal with given parameters. Given data: fS 5 MHz, Q 20,000 R 50 W, CP 5 pF Crystal Oscillators: Topologies Our experiments with truth Some experimental error! Many Thanks * * For sinusoidal oscillations, Barkhausen’s criteria state- Phase shift around feedback loop should be zero degrees and magnitude of loop gain must be unity. Loop gain greater than unity causes distorted oscillations. Or even multiples of 3600 Phase shift will be zero if 0, At ?0 Use node equations at v1 and v2 To find the relation between V2 and Vo’ Phase shift will be zero if 0, At ?0 1/RC This oscillator is used for frequencies upto few MHz, limited primarily by characteristics of amplifier. variable freq.? R1 is replaced by a lamp. Small-signal resistance of lamp depends on temperature of bulb filament. If amplitude is large, current is large, resistance of lamp increases, gain is reduced. If amplitude is small, lamp cools, resistance decreases, loop