Shell 5.docVIP

5.2.2 Input from Commands The output from a UNIX command or commands can be piped to awk for processing. Shell programs commonly use awk for manipulating commands. UNIX命令的输出可以用过pipe交给awk处理，shell 编程通常使用awk处理数据。 FORMAT % command | nawk pattern % command | nawk {action} % command | nawk pattern {action} Example 5.4 1 % df | nawk $4 75000 /oracle (/dev/dsk/c0t0d057 ):390780 blocks 105756 files /opt (/dev/dsk/c0t0d058 ):1943994 blocks 49187 files 2 % rusers | nawk /root$/{print $1} owl crow bluebird EXPLANATION The df command reports the free disk space on file systems. The output of the df command is piped to nawk (new awk). If the fourth field is greater than 75,000 blocks, the line is printed. df命令报告系统的剩余磁盘空间，df命令的输出结果通过管道提交给awk，如果第4个field比75,000blocks大，那么这行将被打印出来 The rusers command prints those logged on remote machines on the network. The output of the rusers command is piped to nawk as input. The first field is printed if the regular expression root is matched at the end of the line ($); that is, all machine names are printed where root is logged on. rusers命令打印出那些通过网络连接到主机的终端，rusers命令的输出pipe到awk作为awk的输入,他会打印第一个field如果匹配第正则表达式root。 5.3 Formatting Output 5.3.1 The print Function The action part of the awk command is enclosed in curly braces. If no action is specified and a pattern is matched, awk takes the default action, which is to print the lines that are matched to the screen. The print function is used to print simple output that does not require fancy formatting. For more sophisticated formatting, the printf or sprintf functions are used. If you are familiar with C, then you already know how printf and sprintf work. Awk命令中的Action包含在大括号内，如果没有指定 action并且有匹配pattern的行，awk会执行默认action，将这些匹配的行，打印的屏幕上。Print函数可以用来打印简单的输出，没有特殊要求的格式的。如果想要更多复杂的格式，请使用printf或者sprintf函数。如果你对C语言狠熟悉，那么你已经知道printf和sprintf该如何使用。 The print function can also be explicitly used in the action part of awk as {print}. The print function accepts argumen