88307a_PulseWidthModulationTechniquesForVoltageFedConverters.pptVIP

ECE 8830 - Electric Drives Introduction While the 3? 6-step inverter offers simple control and low switching loss, lower order harmonics are relatively high leading to high distortion of the current wave (unless significant filtering is performed). PWM inverter offers better harmonic control of the output than 6-step inverter. PWM Principle The dc input to the inverter is “chopped” by switching devices in the inverter. The amplitude and harmonic content of the ac waveform is controlled by the duty cycle of the switches. The fundamental voltage v1 has max. amplitude = 4Vd/? for a square wave output but by creating notches, the amplitude of v1 is reduced (see next slide). PWM Principle (cont’d) PWM Techniques Various PWM techniques, include: Sinusoidal PWM (most common) Selected Harmonic Elimination (SHE) PWM Space-Vector PWM Instantaneous current control PWM Hysteresis band current control PWM Sigma-delta modulation Sinusoidal PWM The most common PWM approach is sinusoidal PWM. In this method a triangular wave is compared to a sinusoidal wave of the desired frequency and the relative levels of the two waves is used to control the switching of devices in each phase leg of the inverter. Sinusoidal PWM (cont’d) Single-Phase (Half-Bridge) Inverter Implementation Sinusoidal PWM (cont’d) when va0 vT T+ on; T- off; va0 = ?Vd va0 vT T- on; T+ off; va0 = -?Vd Sinusoidal PWM (cont’d) Sinusoidal PWM (cont’d) Definition of terms: Triangle waveform switching freq. = fc (also called carrier freq.) Control signal freq. = f (also called modulation freq.) Amplitude modulation ratio, m = Vp VT Frequency modulation ratio, mf (P)= fc / f Sinusoidal PWM (cont’d) Harmonics Note: Nearly independent of mf (P) for mf ? 9. Sinusoidal PWM (cont’d) Harmonics (cont’d) Sinu