作物保护优秀论文4.docVIP

岩木瓜化学成分的分离、结构鉴定与杀虫活性 植物保护（含农药方向） 2005级 沈丽淘 指导教师 王学贵 讲师 摘要：为了研究岩木瓜的杀虫活性成分，本文利用活性跟踪，硅胶柱层析薄层层析葡聚糖凝胶等对岩木瓜的化学成分进行了分离、纯化，结合结构鉴定。得到4化合物，分别为β-香树脂醇乙酸酯蒲公英赛酮柯依利素及齐墩果酸。μg/g)对家蝇的生物活性，处理家蝇48h后，蒲公英赛酮Compounds from Ficus tsiangii Merr. ex Corner: isolation, structural elucidation and insecticidal activity Shen Li-tao Plant protection (direction of pesticide),Grade 2005 Directed by Wang Xue-gui (lecturer) Abstract: The chemical constituents of Ficus tsiangii Merr. ex Corner were isolated and purified with activity-guided fractionation technology by silica gel, thin-layer chromatography and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography to investigate the insecticidal activity constituents,and their structures were identified with spectroscopic means in this paper. The results indicated that 4 compounds were isolated and their structures were identified as β-amyrin acetate(1), taraxerone(2), chrysoeriol(3), oleanolic acid(4). The insecticidal activities of compounds (500μg/g) were also evaluated against imago of Musca domestica with stomach-toxicity test.After treated 48h, the corrected mortality of taraxerone(2) achieved 83.33%,which was a little lower than contrast pesticide (rotenone) but significant with other treatments. Above all, taraxerone showed better insecticidal activity, and the insecticidal mechanism would be worthy of further study. Keywords: Ficus tsiangii Merr. ex Corner; activity-guided fractionation; Musca domestica; insecticidal activity; taraxerone 由化学农药带来的残留、环境污染等问题受到人们普遍关注，随着社会的发展，人们对环境和食品安全的要求越来越高。因此，植物保护科学研究工作者开发出高效、低毒、低残留的药剂，有效控制有害生物危害农林作物为害，降低农药对环境及食品的污染已成为首要目标。植物源农药作为生物农药的一种成为近来的研究热点[1]。我国具有丰富的植物资源，从植物中提取出杀虫活性成分已有较多成功报道。从楝科植物印楝中开发的印楝杀虫剂是当今世界公认的最优秀的生物农药之一,其国际影响与市场空间日益扩大[2]。吴文君等[3]对传统杀虫植物苦皮藤的化学成分、衍生合成、作用机理、制剂加工、应用技术等进行了系统研究，研制出的0.2%苦皮藤素乳油于2001年投入批量生产 ,取得明显的经济效益和环境生态效益。曾东强等[4]报道了山石榴果实提取物对小菜蛾的拒食作用，研究表明其甲醇提取物对小菜蛾的拒食活性高，24h非选择性拒食率达82 %。曾宪儒等[5]筛选了广西6种植物提取物对蔬菜害虫的生物活性，发现葫蔓藤对桃蚜、萝卜蚜和小菜蛾3龄幼虫具有较好的触杀活性。Georges et al[6]以三齿骚扰蚊（Ochlerotatus triseriatus）、烟粉虱（Bemisia tabacci）