传染病学英文名词解释简答.docVIP

Part Ⅰ Noun explanation convert infection/subclinical infection(隐性感染/亚临床感染)：it means only a special immune response without or with very mild damage to the host after the agent entered which can be diagnosed by serologic means with demonstration of either a single high titer or a fourfold rise in titer to the infection. It is the most common model. carrier state(病原携带状态)：it is a person who is colonized with an organism but shows no evidence of disease, although disease may have been present earlier. A carrier is a very important source of infection as the organisms can be disseminated from him. source of infection(传染源)： it is referred to a person or animal in which the pathogen stay and multiply and can be disseminated . route of transmission(传播途径): the route the pathogen entered another susceptible after been disseminated from the source of infection. susceptible(易感者): it is referred to a person who lacks immunity to a specific infectious disease. relapse(复发)：it means the return of symptoms after they have apparently ceased during convalescence which is caused by the multiplication of the pathogen in the host. It is often seen in typhoid fever, malaria, et al. recrudescence(再燃): it means the reappearance of symptoms after temporary cessation. spider angiomata(蜘蛛痣)：Spider angiomata are small red macules with fine red lines radiating from it like spider legs. They blanch when compressed(压之褪色). They represent tiny dilated collateral blood vessels and are seen in patients with chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis. window phase（窗口期）：The window phase is the time from exposure to the organism until one is tested positive for the infection. Someone in the window phase may test negative but actually be positive and able to spread the organism. street strain(野毒株/街毒株): it is referred to rabies virus isolated from the naturally infected animals or human with strong pathogenecity and long incubation period. fixed strain(固定毒株): After being subcultured in rabbit brain for many times (