人力与组织管理1.define the term organisation.pptVIP

Managing People and Organizations Outcome 1 Explain the Nature of Organisations What Is An Organization The term can be used broadly in two ways: It can refer to a group or institution arranged for efficient work. “A group of people engaged in a joint enterprise. ” It can also refer to a process. “An arrangement for achieving controlled performance in pursuit of collective goals.” Definition An organization is a group of individuals operating together in a systematic way to achieve a set of objectives Characteristic of Organizations Organisations are made up at least 2 people. They have purposes. They use resources – human and non-human- to achieve the purposes. They perform activities in a planned and controlled manner. Basic Components of Organisations People Objective Structure Organizational Resources and Activities Environment Why Organizations Exist They satisfy social needs They are more efficient at fulfilling needs than individuals They save time They pool knowledge They are power centres Classification of Organisations Classification by Structure : Formal Informal The Elements of the Formal Organisation A formal organization is one that has a conspicuously coordinated system of human interactions with a common purpose A formally structured organisation is one where the reporting structure is defined. There may be written procedures providing formal support to the structure covering rules for behaviour and such areas as grievance and discipline. The Elements of the Formal Organisation Some rules of organisational structures : span of control levels of management delegation Getting the correct balance between each of these 3 rules is the key to the success of the organisational structure. The way that organisations take shape can be affected by many considerations, such as specialisation of personnel, known as the division of labour. Specialization特殊性 It occurs when organizations or individual workers concentrate on a limited type of a