The Effect of Different Kinds of Feedback on Second Language Writing.pptVIP

Noun ending errors Wrong words Wrong words Sentence structure errors Sentence structure error Article errors Article errors Preposition error Preposition error Total errors Total errors :Cloze tests analysis results It has been argued that learners tend to avoid the categories that have been the subject of CF(e.g. Sheppard, 1992; Truscott, 1996, 2004). Based on the evidence of using avoidance strategy it could be concluded that the significant error reduction was due to the use of avoidance strategy and the provided CF did not result in self correction and accuracy in writing. As a result cloze tests were constructed based on students’ committed errors on the first writing to compensate for the use of avoidance strategy. In this way, they could not ignore their errors any more. Example of the cloze test Percentages were derived by dividing right answers (i.e. the number of errors corrected) by the number of blanks of the cloze test (number of committed errors of each individual on the pretest) The percentages revealed that although the use of avoidance strategy is inevitable, the effects of CF can not be underestimated. Conclusion: Research objective 1: The short and long term effects of the direct feedback on writing accuracy. Data analysis showed significant error reduction in the use of noun endings, sentence structures, articles and prepositions just in the short term. Considering the long term effect of the direct feedback, there was not any significant error reduction after the six week interval. The case was different for the verb tense and word choice. They did not reach the statistical significance in either time periods. In other words, the direct feedback did not have any significant effects on these two error categories. For total errors, data analysis showed significant error reduction in the short term and like the separate categories, it did not last for the longer period. Objective 2: The short and long term effects of the indirect